Breeding history
This brood hen is native to Indonesia, the city of Solo in North Java. It is believed that today's representatives of the breed are just a hybrid, and there is no purebred breed. These birds were noticed as a result of careful analysis and research by the Dutch colonialists in 1920. They appeared in Europe and other countries at the end of the twentieth century. They are considered a decorative breed.
Descended from the Ayam Bekisar breed. Their black color is a real stigma for them, since in chickens such plumage is a manifestation of a rare disease - fibromelazone. It affects bones, meat and everything else (except blood) in black.
Appearance
Their skin, tongue, down, feathers, comb, rooster spurs, meat, bones and organs are completely black.
The black plumage has a "beetle effect" - it shimmers greenish and purple under the sunlight.
Roosters and Chickens Ayam Tsemani are small, but they look powerful and confident. They have flat chests, long wings, and broad shoulders. Small black head, shortened beak, round or oval catkins, large crest, standing at right angles. Developed four-toed legs and legs, muscular hips are also characteristic - thanks to them, this bird can run quickly and jump high. Feathers should be tightly pressed to the body, no colors other than black with a slight glow are unacceptable.
Characteristics of eggs: weight - 40 gr., Shell color - white, cream.
Description of the breed
Chickens in their homeland are not considered to be one of the productive areas. They are not considered either meat and egg, or meat, or egg direction. In Europe, they firmly took the place of decorative creatures. They lay from 60 to 100 eggs per year, which is considered a small number among birds. The volume of meat is small - a male weighs 2-3 kg, a laying hen weighs 1.6-2 kg.
There is a similar bird called the silk chicken. This breed is found all over the world. Its difference is that the feathers, meat are of the usual color, and the skin is black. As a decorative bird, Ayam Chemani is an excellent breed, such an individual is rarely found in farms.
Appearance
The external signs of the bird are as follows: a black bird with dark red rounded earrings and black eyes. The chest moves slightly back. The beak is short, curved with a thickening. The comb is red in color. The tail is large, fluffy with elongated braids and dark plumage. Legs are powerful, birds can jump far thanks to their strongly developed shins. The body is similar to a trapezoid, voluminous, not fleshy, the wings fit tightly to the body. The neck is medium in size, on the small head there are clear teeth of a leaf-like ridge.
Productive qualities
Ayam Chemani's productivity reaches a maximum of 110 eggs per year; they do not differ in taste. The adult survival rate is 94%. Adult females reach a weight of 1.8 kg, adult males - 1 kg more. The egg production of the breed begins from five months. Egg weight is 50 g, color is white-brown.
Breeding features
Ayam cemani do not participate in breeding work, due to which the maternal instinct is perfectly preserved in the hens. Fertility of eggs is almost 100%, as well as hatching and survival of the offspring.
After birth, the chicks are fed, like the young of other breeds.This includes finely chopped boiled eggs, a little greenery, and corn grits. This diet will be valid for 7 days. Then new feeds are gradually added. From the age of 4 weeks, young animals are recommended to be fed maggots.
Before the chicks have plumage, they need to be kept in a warm room. For the first two weeks, the thermometer should not be lower than +30 degrees. As you grow older, the temperature gradually decreases.
Egg products
Conditions of detention
Birds are very energetic, so it is better to build an enclosure indoor. This breed is distinguished by a pronounced survival instinct and fearfulness, therefore, at each entrance of the poultry farmer, they jump and jump in different directions of the chicken coop.
Styrofoam or mineral wool is chosen as insulation. Tsemani often begin to peck at the wall, so install the insulation from the outside. Otherwise, their digestive system will be clogged, which can lead to the death of the bird.
Perches are built in the hen house, this breed loves to be at a height. They do not tolerate cold weather, therefore, when kept in Russia, good insulation of the room is required. The litter should be at least 10 cm thick. In winter, the layer is increased to 35 cm.
The diet of these chickens is practically the same as that of other breeds. In the summer, a short walk is enough for the birds to receive additional feeding.
Arrangement of a chicken coop
After the construction of the chicken coop is completed, it should be equipped for Tsemani. In summer, you need to monitor the frequency of walking, and in winter, you should lock the exit to the street, and the room temperature should not drop below + 16 ... + 19 degrees Celsius. The aviary should have sufficient area for birds to walk.
To keep Zemani around the hen house, it is recommended to equip a net with a height of 2.5-3 meters. Inside the hen house, a roost and nesting place should be designed. One individual requires about 30 cm of perches. Installed at a height of 80-90 cm from the floor. The sleeping place is made of wood.
An advantageous solution is the construction of a nest from a wooden box with a bedding of sawdust, hay, peat or straw in a layer of 10-20 cm. The nests are installed at a height of 30-40 cm from the floor.
Equip drinkers and feeders. For dry food, wooden feeders with narrow holes measuring 14x14x85 cm are suitable. Small pebbles, mineral additives (lime, chalk), and shells are added to the food. It is better to take plastic drinkers.
The nests are installed in the shade. The house should be lit 15 hours a day. This promotes effective egg laying. In winter, additional lighting devices are required at the rate of 6 watts per 1 sq. M.
What adult chickens are fed with
In summer, birds are given everything that other breeds eat. In the summer they are provided with walking - this is how they find minerals and other elements, using greens. The diet is supplemented with corn, industrial feed, oats, wet mash, wheat, grains, and plants.
In winter, when there is no greenery, it is necessary to feed with vegetables, hay, wet mash, which contains grass flour. To build up meat, exotic brood hens eat the larvae of beetles, insects, and worms. Fish oil improves the color saturation of the plumage.
What is the difference between Ayam Cemani chickens
The Ayam Cemani breed of chickens is difficult to confuse with any other, because its representatives are completely covered with jet-black feathers (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Ayam Cemani - the only completely black breed of chickens
Black chicken is considered one of the oldest in the world. Scientists have found that they were bred a thousand years ago, and the unusual black color is due to the mutation and the presence of a special gene.
Since the breed is considered very ancient, there are practically no purebred representatives of it in the modern world. Any black hen or rooster, to some degree or another, is a half-breed.Despite their exotic appearance, representatives of this breed are still rare in Europe, although they are considered very common in Asian countries.
Photos
In the first photo, you see how chickens quietly walk in the backyard of the house with the roosters:
Walking in the garden:
In the same place, only a little closer view:
You see that chickens do not walk for the sake of fresh air only, but more for the sake of variety in the diet:
Delicious meat dishes
Ayam Tsemani chicken meat is considered a delicacy because of its rarity and exoticism. From black poultry meat, you can prepare any dish that is prepared from an ordinary home-made layer. The only difference will be the color of the meat, which does not change during heat treatment. Otherwise, the taste does not depend on the color of the chicken, although the meat of black chicken contains an increased level of iron and is quite tasty.
The following dishes can be prepared from the meat of black chickens:
- broths and soups;
- roast;
- baked chicken in the oven;
- pilaf;
- chicken barbecue.
Learn the recipe for Ayam Tsemani's chicken soup.
Soup ingredients:
- black chicken carcass - 500-600 mg;
- the broth in which the chicken was cooked - 600 ml;
- celery root - 200 grams;
- 40 percent cream - 150 ml;
- stale bun - 1 pc.;
- onion - 1 pc .;
- butter - 1 tbsp. the spoon;
- oil, salt, freshly ground black pepper - to taste.
Read about the properties of guinea fowl meat
Step-by-step description of black chicken soup:
- Boil the chicken in the broth until tender and chill.
- Melt the butter in a separate saucepan.
- Fry the chopped celery root and finely chopped onion on it for 15 minutes over low heat until soft, covering the pan with a lid.
- Season the fried root vegetables with salt and pepper.
- Put the crumbled bun in a saucepan and pour the broth. Bring to a boil and simmer over low heat for 15 minutes.
- Add cream, mix gently, boil for another 3 minutes and turn off the heat.
- Serve the soup by pouring it into bowls and dividing the chicken in portions.
- Top with oil and sprinkle with freshly ground black pepper.
Egg production
Black chickens develop slowly, they stop growing only by the 10th month. The egg begins to lay no earlier than 7 months. The color of the egg is pale pink. The taste is fully consistent with the chicken standard.
If you have a rooster, it is quite possible to get your own offspring. Chickens are fully consistent in color to their breed and have an active squeaky character. The survival rate is good. The breeding standard is normal for poultry.
Culinary qualities
The description of the breed will not be complete without mentioning the taste of the meat. The chefs have the highest reviews. Due to the special genetics, the meat of this bird has a special taste, it contains a lot of protein and little fat. The smell is very attractive. In principle, the bird belongs to slow-growing breeds, which occupy 10 to 40% of sales in the US and leading European countries. Unfortunately, this is not the case for us yet.
Caring for black chickens
Nigella does not require special conditions for keeping and leaving.
Be sure to read:
Amroks breed of chickens: characteristics and detailed description of this breed!
However, there are some nuances to consider;
- A dry and light barn equipped with perches, feeders, nests and a large fenced paddock is required.
- Straw or sawdust bedding is required to maintain the optimum temperature in the chicken coop.
- The barn must be well ventilated: an excess of hydrogen sulfide will threaten its inhabitants with poisoning.
- There should be shaded areas in the yard.
- Change the water in the drinking bowls at least once a day, more often in the summer.
