A guide on how to build a greenhouse for cucumbers with your own hands: design features, what to make a frame from, where to place, photos of the best

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Yakov Pavlovich

Professor, Head of the Department of Vegetable Growing

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Greenhouse structures assembled independently from scrap materials are an excellent opportunity to save money. It is not difficult to assemble a convenient greenhouse for cucumbers with your own hands, and you can use the facility for several seasons.

What is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse?

On summer cottages, two types of greenhouse buildings are installed, designed for growing vegetables in difficult climatic conditions and allowing early harvests.

Greenhouses (portable and stationary) are used for growing seedlings. In case of sudden spring frosts, thermophilic crops can be covered with structures. Small structures no more than 1.2-1.3 m long do not have artificial heating and doors.

Greenhouses create areas of protected ground. Buildings with a height of 2 m and more are used for growing early vegetables. Greenhouses with artificial heating are suitable for year-round use. In buildings equipped with "smart" technology, all sorts of indicators (temperature and humidity, ventilation and irrigation modes) are automatically regulated.

Seat selection

It is known that the cucumber does not tolerate excessive heat and direct sunlight on the foliage. Experienced gardeners are advised to install the greenhouse so that the sides are illuminated from east to west - the interior is maximally illuminated in such conditions.

If the structure is installed in an open place, it is better to orient the greenhouse from north to south. Due to this arrangement, the plants will receive in full the morning and evening rays of the sun, which are not capable of burning the foliage.

The end wall is additionally shaded with polycarbonate - so the plants will be protected from the midday sun. The video describes in detail the correct orientation of the greenhouse.

To install a greenhouse, it is optimal to choose that part of the site that has a flat relief. Differences in height are unacceptable - so moisture in the soil will be evenly distributed. The absence of sharp ups and downs will ensure the ease of transporting the necessary materials, approach for maintenance and watering.

It is recommended to organize free space around the structure. This will allow for the required repairs, installation or, on the contrary, removal of additional heaters.

How to make a borage in the country with your own hands - general rules

In order for the greenhouse to serve for more than one season, it is important to take a responsible attitude to the process of its assembly. The easiest way is to make a greenhouse yourself from scrap materials.

What tools do you need

The set of tools will change depending on the type of building. Several tools can be called irreplaceable:

• shovel,
• a hammer,
• pliers.

Some equipment will also help to simplify the assembly process: a drill, a screwdriver, a grinder.

Purchase of all necessary materials

The main task when creating a structure is to assemble a strong frame.As supports, you can use a wooden beam, an aluminum metal profile, metal pipes or corners, PVC elements.

To cover the greenhouse for cucumbers, a film with a thickness of 100-150 microns is selected. White transparent polyethylene is suitable for one-time use. A more practical option is a stabilized greenhouse film for many years of use. They sell materials in rolls of different lengths, 1-3 m wide.

Agrofibre is in demand. Advantages of the material: it allows moisture to pass through, protects plantings from low temperatures, and provides air exchange.

A reliable solution is cellular polycarbonate. The material is well attached to bases made of metal, wood, PVC pipes. It is used to strengthen the roof of a greenhouse or to build a permanent greenhouse for cucumbers.

We determine and prepare a place for a greenhouse or greenhouse

When choosing a place to install a structure, the area of ​​the site, the parameters of the greenhouse, and the materials used are of importance. It is advisable to install the greenhouse in a well-lit place. Position the structure in an east-west direction.

Expert opinion

Stanislav Pavlovich

Gardener with 17 years of experience and our expert See also Folk remedies for feeding cucumbers in the open field

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Do not rush to install the structure in early spring. At low temperatures, many materials can deform. It is better to wait until warm weather sets in (over 10-15 ° C).

If you plan to install a greenhouse on a foundation, then you need to think in advance about how to attach the frame. Or the structure is set on the ground. In this case, the frame posts are stuck into the ground, and the base is additionally reinforced with a rigid strapping.

Applicable materials

Different materials are used to build structures in which cucumbers can be cultivated. The frame is made from:

Planks and wooden blocks

The undoubted advantage is the natural strength of the material. In addition, low thermal conductivity allows you to keep heat in the structure, even under critically low temperatures. At the same time, the tree is subject to decay, which requires processing with special compounds.

Plastic pipes and materials traveling from it

They are easy to install, maintain and do not decay. Among the disadvantages is low strength. In addition, cucumber greenhouses made of plastic pipes cannot be combined with glass.

Profile used in construction for fixing drywall

The metal profile is resistant to decay and heavy loads. Easily disinfected. However, cold spots can form from this material in greenhouses.

To cover the frame are used:

Polyethylene film, covering material

Differs in low market value, easy installation. A versatile material that matches every design. It has a number of disadvantages - instability in front of external factors, poor thermal insulation.

Lightweight material with high thermal insulation and light transmission. At the same time, polycarbonate is not resistant to mechanical stress and is expensive.

Varieties of structures: drawings, calculation of the size of the greenhouse and stage-by-stage construction

From a wide variety of greenhouses and greenhouses, it is easy to choose a model that matches the conditions of the site and the financial capabilities of the summer resident.

Budget option from arcs and film

The ideal greenhouse option is a mini model that can be installed in one day without special skills. You will need covering material, metal rods, a watering hose and wooden beams. The main stages of work:

• Drawstrings (8-10 cm wide) are sewn on the covering cloth for supporting arcs. The distance between the drawstrings is about one and a half meters.
• A protective hose is put on the metal rods, leaving the ends 10-15 cm long open.
• A frame base is being prepared for fixing the rods. To do this, holes are drilled in the bars for metal rods (at a distance of 1.4-1.5 m).
• The rods are threaded into the drawstrings, giving the frame an arched or triangular shape of the desired height. The rods are inserted into the holes on the bars.

Such a greenhouse is easy to install and dismantle. To ventilate the plants, you can simply raise the film to the desired height (on one or both sides).

Gable greenhouse

To equip the shelter, you will need a frame (wooden or PVC pipes), plastic wrap or agrofiber. The gable structure can be made in any size. A convenient greenhouse has the following parameters: length 4 m, height 0.7 m, width 1.2 m. Stages of assembly of the structure:

• Boards 0.2 m wide are connected into a rectangular frame using self-tapping screws and metal corners.
• Rafters 0.8 m long are attached to the boards, connected at the top with a ridge rail. To give the structure strength, the rafters are fixed on the longitudinal board of the base with a pitch of 0.8 m.
• The film is pulled over the frame. First, the ends are closed, fixing the canvas with glazing beads and nails.
• Then the slopes are closed - two canvases are fixed on the ridge and on both longitudinal sides of the base.
• To ensure airing of the seedlings in a cucumber greenhouse, a rail is attached to the free edge of the canvas on one side, onto which the film will be wound.

Recessed greenhouse

It is advisable to equip compact buried structures in areas where the soil freezes to a shallow depth in winter. The peculiarity of the greenhouse is the use of soil as a natural insulation. The easiest way is to build a rectangular model and cover it with foil. The place is chosen dry, well-lit. Stages of work:

• They dig a trench about 0.7 m deep, 1.2-1.5 m wide, 2-2.1 m long.
• A base-box is installed from a bar, a slab of the required height, and the wall of the northern side is made higher than the southern one by 0.1-0.12 m.
• The filling of the greenhouse is done according to the principle of a warm bed: the lower drainage layer is formed from coarse materials (branches, plant stems), then layers of foliage and organic matter are poured. Top layer 20-25 cm thick - soil with compost.
• As a shelter, you can install wooden frames sheathed with polyethylene, agrofibre or arched structures.

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Borage polycarbonate

Greenhouses sheathed with polycarbonate sheets are more durable, durable. The optimal choice for the construction of borage is a small structure with a wooden frame. The preliminary stage is the arrangement of the foundation. The screed is made of timber / boards treated with antiseptics, the frame is fixed with self-tapping screws. The next steps:

• End arches are attached to the frame, intermediate arches are installed. Stiffeners must be fixed.
• Before thoroughly tightening the fasteners, check the geometry of the structure, vertical correspondence using a level. The vents, doors are located at the ends.
• Polycarbonate sheets are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. It is recommended to overlap the canvases with a margin of 2-3 cm.
• When arranging a greenhouse, the beds are placed along the structure, in parallel rows.

Do-it-yourself wooden greenhouse for cucumbers from boards

You can use materials at hand to equip simple seedling shelters. A suitable option is ordinary boards measuring 2.5x15 cm, plastic wrap. Assembly steps:

• A box 3 m long, 1 m wide and 0.6 m high is assembled from the boards.
• Rafters are made (three elements on each side are enough) and fixed in an inclined form on the frame. The tops of the rafters are connected, a long board is used as a ridge.
• It is advisable to paint the frame with a special paint. The plastic wrap is fixed with nails on top of the wooden planks.
• To make it convenient to use the structure, slats are attached to the side sheets of polyethylene, onto which the polyethylene is wound. The wooden model is more durable and easier to use than the arched structure.

Homemade construction from window frames

A non-standard solution is to use unnecessary window frames. A practical shelter is easy to build, its parameters are determined by the number of frames. To make the structure convenient to use, a stone foundation is pre-equipped. Sequence of work:

• A timber is laid on a brick foundation - a frame. Boards are packed on both sides of the timber, forming a kind of grooves.
• Frames are inserted into the created grooves in a vertical position. Frames are fastened together with self-tapping screws, corners. The slots are filled with polyurethane foam.
• As the roof of the device, polycarbonate sheets are used or a film is stretched.
• It is possible to increase the strength of the structure if the glasses in the frames are replaced with polycarbonate sheets. A simpler option is to assemble a wooden box of any height and cover it with window frames.

Variety of species

Self-made greenhouses and greenhouses must protect planted plants from negative external factors. But in greenhouses, another task is assigned to the coating material - to illuminate the interior space and provide plants with natural light.

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The second version of the device for the cultivation of cucumbers is supposed to dig a depression (foundation pit). From above, it is covered by any material that is capable of transmitting daylight.

It is important - due to the design features, such a greenhouse is only suitable for growing seedlings. It is impossible to ensure the full growth of sprouted plants.

Functional design "Butterfly"

The design “Butterfly” is very popular among summer residents, which allows you to approach the beds from any side, which is very convenient when caring for plants.

The butterfly greenhouse is well ventilated and is able to withstand any bad weather. Outwardly it is small house with a gable roofthat rises on both sides.

Manufacturing process:

1. In the selected area, a foundation pit is dug with a depth of 0.6 meters, in which a frame made of reinforcement and a concrete foundation are installed.
2. The boards can be made glazed or from solid boards. Solid ones are attached to the foundation using corners, and for folding ones, piano or door hinges are used.
3. Metal or wooden supports are installed in two rows in the center of the structure.
4. The upper part is made along the length of the side, which is fastened on the posts.
5. With the help of any hinges, the side frames are attached to the upper part.
6. In the open state, the frame will hold U-shaped brackets, which should be installed on the stops from the timber and installed on the sides.

How to choose a quality greenhouse plant shade net

To hide such a greenhouse, you can use plastic wrap, polycarbonate or glass.

Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse as a business

Cucumbers are planted in prepared and warmed soil. To do this, prepare holes, water them and wait for moisture to be absorbed. Carefully remove the plant from the cup, set it together with an earthen lump in the hole, deepening it to the cotyledon leaves, and sprinkle it with earth.

Planting cucumbers in warm beds in a greenhouse
After planting cucumbers in the greenhouse, it is necessary to provide them with conditions for the best growth and development.Cucumbers do not like strong changes in day and night temperatures: rot of various origins appears, growth is inhibited, ovaries fall off, and the fruits become bitter. The optimal conditions for cucumbers in the greenhouse are shown in table 2.

Table 2. Microclimate in a winter greenhouse for cucumbers.

Watering cucumbers

The soil for cucumbers should ideally be moderately moist. This can be achieved using drip irrigation or regular watering at the root. Cucumbers are watered only with settled warm water with a temperature of 25-27 ° C until the ten-centimeter soil layer is moistened. To reduce the amount of watering, the beds are mulched with rotten sawdust, peat or straw.

Watering cucumbers from a watering can

To soften the water, you can add a minimum amount of organic fertilizers to it - 5-10 ml of mullein or bird droppings infusion per bucket of water. With such watering, root fertilization with organic fertilizers is not needed, the plants will receive nitrogen fertilizers with watering. Soft water is better absorbed by the roots.

It is necessary to fertilize the plants regularly - cucumbers build up a large vegetative mass and quickly consume useful elements from the soil. Lack of nitrogen affects the growth of bushes and the process of photosynthesis, lack of phosphorus and potassium affects the shape and size of the fruit.

For feeding, use an infusion of mullein 1: 5 or chicken droppings 1:15. To enrich the infusion with potassium, calcium and trace elements, wood ash is added to the solution - a glass on a bucket. Stir the components in water and leave for two or three days.

Preparing chicken droppings solution

You can also use complex fertilizers for melons and gourds for feeding cucumbers. They are bred according to the instructions and watered at the root or sprayed on the leaves.

For the prevention of diseases, the plants are sprayed with "Fitosporin" three times during the growing season with an interval of 15 days. It helps to avoid the appearance of fungal diseases. You can also use watering the soil with warm solutions of potassium permanganate and boric acid.

Spraying with Fitosporin - prevention

To prevent plants from shading each other, they must be properly formed. In greenhouses, cucumbers are grown vertically to provide ventilation, reduce the likelihood of disease and facilitate access to plants. In addition, with a vertical garter, more plants can be placed on one meter of area.

Cucumber molding rules

After planting the plants and the appearance of the first peduncles, the main stem is tied with twine to the supports or structures of the greenhouse. The first peduncles are immediately cut off - they mainly consist of barren flowers, but at the same time they inhibit the growth of cucumbers. After the appearance of the first lateral shoots, they begin to pinch according to schemes depending on the variety.

Cucumbers with a bouquet-bearing type of fruiting tie many fruits in each internode. The main crop for such varieties and hybrids is obtained from the main stem. They pinch the side shoots, allowing the plant to give the crop as much as possible.

Forming cucumbers of a bouquet type of flowering

Cucumbers with a small number of ovaries in each internode are formed differently. On the fifth and sixth side shoots, one leaf and an ovary are left, on the next - two leaves and two ovaries. This will maximize the yield of the crop.

Forming parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids

After the start of fruiting, picking cucumbers is carried out regularly, ideally daily. Even one large fruit left on the plant inhibits the setting of new cucumbers and the growth of the bush. Harvesting is carried out in the morning or evening. It is more convenient to do this after watering - this way the cucumbers prick less.

Picking cucumbers

Winter greenhouse cucumbers will delight you throughout the cold months. To prolong the period of active fruiting, they can be planted in several stages, constantly updating the planting. With proper agricultural technology and selection of varieties, fresh vegetables will always be on your table.

cucumber seeds

Growing vegetables can be quite a lucrative business if organized properly. Of course, organizing it will require a solid investment of money, but it is much more important to have valuable information. Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse all year round is one of the possible business options that will allow you to get a good profit.

What should be included in a business plan for organizing an industrial greenhouse in which vegetables can be grown all year round? First, it is land lease. You will need a lot of space to get a really big harvest, and only he can bring real profits.

Secondly, this is the design of the greenhouse itself. Its industrial options are much more expensive, because they use high-quality materials from metal and half carbonate, and the scale of the building itself for annual production is different.

But you will need to organize heating, lighting, automatic irrigation, ventilation systems that will function annually.

Thirdly, the business plan includes the planting material itself, along with various fertilizers, without which it is difficult to get a large harvest.

Fourth, it is important to think through the product distribution chain. Absolutely all farmers are puzzled by this problem. Experienced businessman talk about how easy it is to grow vegetables in a greenhouse. It is much more difficult to sell goods on time at an adequate price in order not only to cover the cost of production, but also to make a profit.

But, like every plant, cucumbers have their own cultivation characteristics that you need to know about.

If you are not an agricultural technician, then the salary for agricultural specialists should also be included in the business plan, which will increase yields and achieve high profitability of greenhouses. You should never skimp on knowledge.

In fact, you should think carefully about what kind of staff you need to grow vegetables. If the area of ​​your greenhouse is about one hectare, then five people will be able to cope with the cultivation of cucumbers, including an agricultural technician, manager and handymen.

Assembling a greenhouse for growing vegetables all year round is not the most difficult thing. Most industrial structures have simple installation instructions. It is enough just to buy such a greenhouse and pay for the work of the collectors. But it is important to choose the right greenhouse first.

There are many varieties currently on the market, but some of them are in particular demand for growing cucumbers.

For example, the greenhouse "Farmer". This is an arched or gable structure made of polycarbonate and a galvanized profile, presented in various modifications. The reinforced design with double arches is used in regions where additional stress is placed on the greenhouse due to gusts of wind and snow.

By the way, to increase the profitability of the business, the cultivation of vegetables can be combined with the cultivation of greenery, which is unpretentious, but no less in demand on the Russian market.

This greenhouse has not only good light transmission, but also protects vegetables from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

A polycarbonate Mittlider greenhouse can be used to produce crops in warm regions. It also has a gable roof, while on the north side of the roof it has a raised area for ventilation windows.

What additional systems are needed to organize a greenhouse business? Cucumbers are vegetables that love warmth and moisture.

Therefore, it is precisely the systems capable of creating such a microclimate inside that you need to pay attention first of all. The temperature in the greenhouse must be maintained at the level of 20 degrees all year round, no less.

As for the need for light, cucumbers need 11 light hours.

Heating is quite simple to organize, if it is possible to bring it to the construction of communication. But many farmers create a mini-CHP on its territory, which supplies the greenhouse with electricity and generates heat.

As you know, the drip irrigation system is a modern and economical option for irrigating plants. In a greenhouse for year-round growing of vegetables, it is simply necessary.

Experts advise paying attention to the seeds of vegetables of Russian companies, which are bred in a certain climate.