Do you want to know how to prevent grape peas? Read the helpful advice!

2706.18

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Everyone who cultivates grapes cares about the quality and richness of the harvest. However, it happens that when it comes time to harvest, you find that the grapes are not as big as usual. For some reason, the grapes are getting smaller.

Benefit and harm

The health benefits of green grapes are undeniable. It contains useful vitamins and minerals that actively boost immunity. Antioxidants have a rejuvenating effect. Used for the production of anti-aging creams, nourishing masks and scrubs for the face and body.

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Vitamins in green grapes:

phosphorus;
potassium;
ascorbic acid (antioxidant);
calcium;
B vitamins;
magnesium;
iron;
manganese.

Vitamins in green grapes are preserved even after heat treatment and drying. Carbohydrates and fiber help speed up metabolism.

Red grapes are healthier, but green grapes are less allergenic, so they are allowed for pregnant and lactating women. The processed juice will help a young mother to quickly restore strength and enrich the body with vitamins necessary to maintain beauty and health.

Green grapes are useful with catechins, which can be found in large quantities in individual varieties. They protect against breast, bladder and prostate cancer.

The benefits of pitted green grapes are that they contain the oils necessary for the proper functioning of the capillaries. Antioxidants, in combination with natural oils, promote the resorption of blood clots and the elimination of toxins, cholesterol from the body in a natural way.

The harm of green grapes is their high carbohydrate content. The berry is contraindicated for diabetics, gastritis, patients after surgery.

Disorders of the pollination process and processing of grapes during the pea period

Burning grapes: photo

Early signs of grape peeling can be found if you make it a rule to regularly inspect the bushes during their flowering period.

Insufficient development of the vegetative reproductive organs of the plant should be a cause for concern. In this case, the pistils and stamens will be too short. This means that natural pollination will not be successful. And this will lead to shedding of flowers and pea berries.

The way out of this situation will be the procedure of artificial pollination. Which should be carried out immediately. For this, it is necessary to have some information regarding the structure of the organs of reproduction of grapes.

The first thing to know is that grape inflorescences are male, female and bisexual. For artificial pollination, only bisexual inflorescences are suitable. It is necessary to cut off the already blossoming flower and by "dusting" pollinate the inflorescences in need of this.

The procedure requires great care, since it is quite easy to damage the flowers. The optimal time for artificial pollination is morning. From about 7 to 9 o'clock, after the dew on the petals has dried.

A dry day should be chosen for these purposes. The first pollination procedure is carried out at the moment the first inflorescences appear. The second and third - when the mass flowering of grape bushes begins.

Another method of artificial pollination involves the use of a rabbit fur puff, secured to a small wooden stick or spatula. The fur should be shortened thoroughly.

With the help of such a device, pollination is carried out in the same way as in the previous case. Some flowers are "powdered" with pollen from others, bisexual. It is possible to determine whether the procedure of artificial pollination has been successful by the brown color that the stigmas of pollinated flowers acquire.

This method is very popular among the owners of large vineyards. And also in the process of pollination of entire plantations.

How to process grapes from peas?

It is also possible to involve intermediaries in pollination, which are traditionally bees. To do this, they need to be lured into the vineyard. This is quite easy to do with baits.

These can be containers with sweet infusion, placed throughout the vineyard. Preparing the infusion is very simple. It is enough to dissolve sugar (300 g), honey (1 drop is enough) in 1 liter of water and add grape inflorescences, and then leave for a day.

The infusion is poured into containers, which in the morning are set near the grape bushes and covered with moss. In this case, the bees will flock to the flowers, and not to the infusion itself.

Also honey plants can act as bait for bees. They need to be planted around vine beds.

Existing varieties

The most common varieties of green grapes for table use: Kishmish round and oval, White miracle, Bazhena, Valentina, Ladies fingers.

Technical types: White Muscat, Chardonnay, Albarinier, Aligote, Riesling.

Varieties of universal use (they combine the properties of canteens and technical ones): Arora, Albillo.

Varieties of green grapes are thermophilic plants. Over the years of breeding and practice, it was possible to regionalize several varieties that are moderately frost-resistant, which survive in severe frosts. The best varieties, zoned in Russia: White miracle, Chardonnay, White Muscat, Bazhena, Valentina.

White miracle

Table hybrid, low to medium stature. The bunch can weigh up to 900 g. The berries are large, light green.

The main bonus is the good quality of the fruit and ease of care. They keep their presentation for a long time. The yield is stable, average. Among the shortcomings, gardeners highlight the fragility of one-year-old shoots. One of the few varieties allowed for use with hepatitis B and pregnancy in small quantities.

Chardonnay

The variety is suitable for making white wines. Low-yielding, early species. Ripening period - 140 days.

The bunches are cylindrical. The fruit is round, green with seeds. The pulp has a strong, pleasant aroma, sweet. The skin is thin, dense structure, which allows the fruit to be stored for a long time. Green Chardonnay grapes, whose properties have long been appreciated by growers, has several disadvantages:

high susceptibility to disease;
low resistance to spring frosts;
tendency to pea.

White nutmeg

The variety has an excellent taste.

Green grapes, the beneficial properties of which have been known since antiquity. Used in technical viticulture. An early variety of medium height. Zoned in the southern latitudes of Russia, does not tolerate frosts.

The bunch is cylindrical, medium density. The berries are light green. The pulp has a delicate structure with excellent taste. The description indicates a high susceptibility of plants to fungal diseases and pests progressing in humid climates.

Bazhena

Self-pollinated tall bush. The ripening period is only 100 days. Bunches of conical and cylindrical shape. The density is average. Refers to table hybrids.

Upon reaching technical maturity, the berries are green with a yellowish tinge.The pulp is nutritious, juicy. The taste combines notes of apple and cherry. The berries are easy to transport.

Valentine

Table vigorous, high-yielding, disease-resistant species. Demanding on the composition of the soil and care. The bunch consists of green oblong berries with 2 seeds. The length of the bunch reaches 40 cm.

The fruit is large. The pulp is tender, melts in the mouth, sweet with a sage aftertaste. The juice is used to make sweet white wine. The skin is thin, easily damaged. Excess moisture leads to cracking of the fruit.

How to choose the right variety

When purchasing seedlings, consider their frost resistance. As you may have to cover the bushes for the winter and remove this cover in early spring. With poor cover, the fruitful branches will be the first to die.

It is better to choose a variety that is resistant to diseases and pests. These are the varieties: Agate Donskoy, Dviet blue, Delight, Marquette, Monarch (not resistant to powdery mildew), Timur, Harold, Rochefort (though he can be affected by phylloxera), Helios, Athos (can get sick with gray mold), Dubovsky pink, Galbena Know (not immune to powdery mildew), Taezhny, Aligote (he can be attacked by a grape leafworm).

Landing features

Reproduction of green grapes is carried out by layering. In the spring, they need to be rooted without tearing them off the bush. When the cutting takes root, it is carefully detached from the bush. Cuttings of frost-resistant varieties bought on the market are planted in spring, low-resistance to cold in summer. Before planting, the root system of the shoots is placed in a manganese solution for 12 hours.

The plants sprouted from the seeds do not inherit the properties of the parent bushes. Retain individual features. When propagated by cuttings, powerful lignified shoots are cut in the fall and planted in plastic cups for the winter. In the spring, a transplant is carried out to an open area.

Green varieties prefer nutritious fertile chernozem soils. They take root poorly on loams. The pits are prepared in the fall. Potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen are added. The size of the pit is 80x80x80 - for chernozem areas, 100x100x100 - for sandy loam. A layer of crushed stone or expanded clay is placed at the bottom of the pit to provide the roots with air and protect them from waterlogging; lay a layer of soil with mineral fertilizers on it.

Before planting, treat the root system with a roaster consisting of humate, clay and water at room temperature. In the pit, make a mound on which to distribute the root system and cover with fertile soil mixed with sand and superphosphate. Equip a drip irrigation system.

Overview of possible problems

Strictly follow the agrotechnics of growing plants, then you will reap an excellent harvest.

Does not bloom or bear fruit

Grapes love warmth and good lighting, so they are allocated a place located in the south or southwest. If the plant lacks warmth and light, then it may not bloom. Also, grapes may not bloom if the air is too humid due to a huge amount of rainstorms.

Another reason is too much fertilization. Then many branches and leaves grow on the vine, but there are no buds.

You also need to carefully examine the grapes to understand that they did not freeze in winter, or the gardener did not cut off the eyes during formative pruning, from which fruitful shoots grow.

Blooms but does not bear fruit

If the buds are blooming, but there are no berries, then most likely, this variety needs pollinators.

Care

Care measures:

in the summer - wreckage, garter, watering, preventive treatment, top dressing;
in the fall - preventive treatment for pest diseases, preparation for winter;
in spring - sanitary pruning, garter, pest treatment with copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid.

Caring for green grapes in the warm season consists in shortening shoots, pinching. Pruning is carried out on specimens above 170 cm.Top dressing begins to be applied from the 4th year of life on the site. Remove excess stepchildren completely in order to redirect the forces of the plant to the formation of powerful shoots and berries. At the beginning of the season, treatment with Rudomil, diluted with Fufanon, is carried out.

In the fall, preparatory work is carried out in the vineyard. After harvesting, feed the plants with organic matter mixed with ash. Autumn pruning is carried out after the foliage has fallen. Prepare varieties that are resistant to frost for winter. Make a mound around the trunk, cut the vine to bend it to the ground and cover it with spruce branches.

The first watering is carried out after removing the winter shelter. Young seedlings are watered through pipes dug into the ground. For 1 bush 4 buckets of water.

The second watering is 7 days before flowering, the third - at the end of flowering. The last water-charging irrigation is carried out a week before the shelter.

Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied before flowering. Its use at a later date will lead to an increase in the deciduous part and reduce yields. Alternate root dressing with foliar. For foliar dressing, use ready-made complex preparations: Novofert, Plantafol, Kemira. The garter is carried out in the spring after removing the shelter and in the summer when new shoots appear.

Potting grapes: the reasons causing this phenomenon

Before looking for a solution to a problem, you should determine the cause of its occurrence. This will allow you to choose the most effective remedy for grape peas. The most common causes of grape peeling include:

failure of the process of pollination of grapes;
unfavorable climatic and weather conditions;
improper formation of vines;
lack of nutrients in the soil;
erroneous choice of a variety without taking into account its characteristics.

All of the reasons listed below will be discussed in more detail.

Factors affecting fruiting

With proper care, you can taste the first grapes already 2-3 years after planting. But sometimes the gardener cannot achieve a harvest even in the 5-6th year. The ability of bushes to bear fruit depends on many conditions.

Time

Vegetable cuttings with a bare dried root, planted in late spring, will hurt for a long time, the vine, most likely, will not have time to ripen and will not survive the winter. Even with perfect care, you should not expect fruiting from such grapes in the coming years.

Purchased seedlings must be taken with a closed root. If this is an autumn planting, then it is recommended to pay attention to the condition of the vine, the growth of this summer should be ripe (not green), at least 6-7 mm thick. Such a seedling, qualitatively sheltered from the cold, will tolerate the winter well and is able to bloom the next season.

In spring, grapes are planted in several ways:

sleeping cuttings in early spring before the start of sap flow;
already awakened vegetative cuttings (seedlings) in late May - early June;
2-3-year-old seedlings before the start of sap flow.

A place

The grapes are very picky about sunlight, do not tolerate cool lowlands and foothills. In a shaded, humid place, the grapes will quickly grow green mass, the vine will not ripen until the end of the season, it will be fragile and thin, and in winter it will most likely freeze out. Such a vineyard may not bear fruit even in the 5-6th year. A place open on the south side, protected on the north side by buildings or trees, is suitable.

Pruning

When forming young bushes, it should be borne in mind that inflorescences are formed from the middle buds of last year's growth. Pruning too short can prevent the grapes from bearing fruit in the early years. But the lack of pruning can delay fruiting indefinitely. The plant spends too much energy on "hopeless" weak shoots.

Top dressing

The maturation of the vines is largely dependent on the amount of nutrients supplied during the growing season. Excess nitrogen stimulates large growth, but the vine "fattens", becomes fragile and green, flower buds are poorly formed.

Lack of potassium stops the development of shoots, the plant lags behind in growth, the inflorescences crumble. The lack of organic components in the soil directly affects the taste and quality of the future crop. On poor soils without the introduction of humus and compost, grape bushes grow root mass for a long time and may not bear fruit until 5-6 years.

Prevention measures

Preventive measures make it possible to prevent a decrease in yield in advance:

In the fall, when the crop is harvested, you need to make sure that there are no residues in order to prevent rotting and frostbite.
When the leaves fall from the vineyard, be sure to dig the ground around it at a distance of 1 m. This will not only improve air access to the roots, but also destroy the larvae of pests that have taken refuge for the winter.
In the spring, before growth begins, use prophylactic doses of insecticides.
Throughout the entire growth period, watch out for the absence of weeds, pests can hide in them.
Monitor the condition of leaves, shoots, flowers, berries, cut off damaged ones, take up the fight against pests and diseases as soon as they are found.

As you can see, in order to get a grape harvest, not so much effort is required. The main thing is to choose a suitable place for the vineyard, to avoid mistakes in caring for it, not to overdo it with watering and feeding, to protect it from frost, insects, diseases, and take into account the peculiarities of the variety. We hope that our help will give you the opportunity to please yourself and your loved ones with delicious juicy berries.

Insufficient pruning

It is normal for a grape seedling to be peeled. As it matures, the bush will form larger fruits. It is not worth worrying about finding small berries on a young plant.

It is important to take care of the redistribution of food in favor of strong shoots that can yield a harvest. Therefore, it is recommended to regularly remove weak branches. After all, they take away nutrients from the more viable parts of the plant.

For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a systematic examination of grape bushes in order to identify weakened shoots and bunches with too small berries. They should be removed.

Experienced gardeners are advised to leave one bunch on each lash at all. This will allow her to get the full amount of nutrients and form large berries.

Lateral shoots, called stepchildren, are also subject to removal. They also pull on themselves useful substances necessary for the ripening of fruits. Pruning stepchildren will increase the green mass, which will speed up the process of photosynthesis and have a beneficial effect on the quality of the crop.

You can increase productivity by ringing shoots. It allows nutrients to be directed to old shoots. As a result of the ringing procedure, voluminous clusters with large berries will form on the grape bushes.

The dependence of fruiting on the frost-resistant qualities of the variety and good shelter

When buying a varietal plant, pay attention to the frost-resistant qualities of the grapes. In the future, it will be necessary to cover the vine for the winter, to open it in time after spring frosts. With insufficient shelter, first of all, fruitful shoots perish, the grapes do not bear fruit. The growing new branches are not very fruitful.

If you find out in the spring that the grapes are frozen, you must first assess the degree of damage to the bush in this order:

First, cut the fruiting eye on the one-year shoot along. The frost-affected eye will be brown, in contrast to the healthy green.
Then the bark of the vine is cut. Frozen internal wood tissues will also be brown.

To restore frost-affected grapes during spring pruning, damaged shoots are removed completely, to the base. This stimulates the formation of new replacement buds and shoots.

Weather

An important factor is the weather conditions in the region. Excellent conditions for high-quality and full-fledged pollination are low humidity, dry weather and high air temperature, which ranges from 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. If during flowering in June there was cool, damp weather, fogs appeared, then all the pollen will simply be washed away by the rains, which means that many small berries are formed on the bush. At the same time, too hot and dry weather will bring the same result. In this case, the pollen becomes too dry and is no longer able to stick to the stigma of the inflorescence. Therefore, if the weather has failed, then you should take measures for self-pollination of the plant, which were prescribed above.