Forchuna's eonymus: plant description and crop care

Description of the plant

Forchun's euonymus (lat.Euonymus fortunei) is an evergreen creeping shrub that belongs to the Bereskletov family. Under natural conditions, it prefers valleys and river floodplains for growth; it can often be found in undergrowth. At a low height, the shrub can reach about 3 m in length.

The stems of the plant, when in contact with the soil, form additional roots in the nodes, which very easily grow into the ground, can cling to the existing supports, thereby lifting the shrub up. The plant is decorated with smooth glossy leaves, which are oppositely located on the stem and, regardless of the season, have a dark green tint.

The bush is characterized by an attractive mosaic crown, which is especially noticeable when exposed to direct light. The racemose inflorescences consist of small, inconspicuous flowers of a pale green or brown color. Fruits are dry capsules containing 4 compartments, equipped with thorns or lionfish. Inside are seeds, covered with fleshy tissue, in different species they have different shades. In temperate latitudes, Forchuna practically does not bloom.

Advantages of Fortune euonymus, thanks to which this plant is used for landscape design:

• evergreen perennial;
• slow plant growth does not require frequent pruning when forming a bush;
• daily complex care is not required;
• frost resistance;
• there is an opportunity to start the plant on the support;
• no annual transplant required;
• good compatibility with other plants, especially conifers.
• in landscape design, Fortune's euonymus can be the central element of the composition.

Fortune's spindle tree: poisonous or not

By the fall, the plant has fruits with a high concentration of toxic substances. The berries are poisonous and are not eaten. Selective shrub varieties rarely bear fruit. Fortune blooms profusely in the wild, with inconspicuous greenish flowers. The formation of inflorescences on a creeping plant occurs in regions with a warm climate, therefore, only half of the euonymus can be considered poisonous. When grown at home in the open field, euonymus is safe.

Application in landscape design

Forchuna's euonymus is used by designers in the design of the territory. A groundcover works well for:

• For landscaping city parks, alleys, squares.
• Like an imitation of lawns.
• Creation of hedges.
• Border designations.

On the site, with the right location, you can create a fantastic picture of bizarre shapes. The euonymus densely spreads along the ground, does not allow weed grass to grow. This feature is used in the design of the base of the flower bed. When solving the problem of creating a border between zones, Fortune with colorful leaf coloring will be a godsend for designers and gardeners.

An evergreen shrub in early spring will give the garden a neat look as a backdrop in compositions with plants of different flowering periods. The shrub is used in almost all style directions - it will equally successfully decorate the composition of flowers and low-growing trees. It is planted in a group of different varieties or as a single plant. Areas of application of Fortune's euonymus:

• alpine slides;
• framing wooden benches along the alley;
• around the gazebo;
• artificial reservoirs in the personal plot;
• designation of tracks and fountain parameter.

Medium-sized euonymus bushes are placed in order to form bosquet (woods), using the method of artistic haircut, they create silhouettes of animals, castles, and various compositions.

Forchuna during the lush vegetation of flower crops is an auxiliary background, in late autumn and winter - the main one. Especially popular is Fortchun's euonymus in the Moscow region in summer cottages and in the territories of country houses.

Application in landscape design

Fortune's eonymus grows very well. And thanks to this property, it is used as a ground cover shrub.

It is very rarely planted singly, usually it can be seen in large tracts, a variety of ribbons and dense groups.

Since euonymus does not require anxious care, it can often be seen in the city in parks, squares, near monuments, shops, office buildings, and so on.

Very nice Fortune's euonymus looks in tandem with different conifers, such as thuja, spruce, juniper.

Gardeners on their plots use euonymus for a variety of compositions, rocky gardens, alpine hills, flat rockeries. It is planted together with perennial shrubs near their foot, for example, near lilacs, chubushnik, barberry and others.

Variety Vegetus used as a lawn, as it forms evergreen carpets. The baby is used for stone compositions: alpine slides and rocky mixborders, planted with ribbons along the perimeter of the paths.

Also variously used euonymus Fortune varieties Emerald Gold as various mixed compositions, large arrays, rocky gardens and so on.

Variety Emerald gaiety will perfectly complement the composition of any style, both Japanese and ordinary rural.

Fortune euonymus varieties

Fortune's euonymus has more than 150 species, some of them are used to decorate the territory as a ground cover option, others in the form of vertical landscaping methods. The most popular varieties in design, which can often be found in recreation areas, city flower beds, and private territories.

Emerald Gold

Forchun's euonymus Emerald gold is a low-growing shrub up to 40 cm, used in vertical gardening, it can rise up to 2 m along the support. Vegetation of the variety is long, the end point of growth of euonymus reaches 5 years after planting. The Emerald gold variety belongs to frost-resistant plants and does not require additional shelter of the root system, easily tolerates low temperatures (down to -23 ° C).

Key Features:

• leaves of medium size, in the form of an elongated oval with a pointed end;
• the structure is rigid, the surface is glossy, the sheet is slightly carved along the edge;
• the color is two-tone, the dominant tone is bright yellow with light green fragments in the middle;
• by autumn, the color changes to dark red with a brown tint, the surface color is monochromatic;
• branches are hard, of medium thickness, intensely leafy;
• in southern latitudes it blooms with nondescript green flowers;
• fruits are bright red, rounded.

Emerald Haiti

Fortune's euonymus Emerald gaiety is one of the popular varieties. It is widespread in regions with a temperate climate and is considered the most frost-resistant type of euonymus. Unlike other species, it does not stop growing in shaded areas on the north side. An evergreen shrub does not shed foliage for the winter, but only changes its palette.

A low-growing plant forchuna (no higher than 30 cm) forms densely growing shoots of 1.5 m with intense foliage. The crown is lush, rounded, without gaps.

Designers are attracted by the decorativeness of Fortune's crown:

• sheet size 3 cm;
• elliptical shape;
• the surface is painted in a bright green color along the edge of a white border, this combination gives the euonymus a neat, elegant look;
• the color changes by winter, the leaves acquire a solid pink color;
• stems are thin, flexible when in contact with the ground, root well.

Looks harmoniously in combination with flower cultures. The euonymus is used to decorate the borders, the edges of the ridges, and the voids in the flowerbed. Used in design as a ground cover plant.

Harlequin

Euonymus (Euonymus fortunei Harlequin) is a dwarf variety, one of the smallest representatives of the species, no more than 25 cm in height. In the design of the territory plays the role of the first plan. Full-fledged owner of city flower beds, parks, recreation areas. Ideal in disguising the unaesthetic appearance of urban communications.

Forchuna is formed by a large number of thin herbaceous shoots, which are distinguished by good foliage. The decorative appearance of the plant is given by bright green oval leaves, on the surface of which fragments of white, beige, yellow specks are noticeable. By autumn, the leaves become a light pink color.

In the south, the plant blooms with waxy inflorescences in the form of a green or beige ball, the fruits are bright red. The variety does not tolerate excess ultraviolet radiation; leaf burns are possible in an area open to the sun. Not suitable for growing in temperate climates. The variety is characterized by low frost resistance.

Silver Queen

The type of euonymus Fortune Silver Queen is used in the design of the territory as a creeping shrub and in the form of a liana-like plant. One of the few representatives of the species, in which, during the seasonal growing season, shoots grow up to 45 cm.The bush does not stop growing in the shade and in the sun, does not require special care. Unpretentious to temperature extremes, frost-resistant, tolerates drought well. The distribution area is the European part of Russia. Silver Queen is a selection variety with a height of 70 cm.

Among the features of the variety, the following stand out:

• the plant does not shed leaves;
• the crown is dense, spherical;
• easily lifts onto supports;
• stems are light pink, strong, elastic;
• leaves are oval, slightly elongated, painted in a rich green color with a pronounced white border along the edge;
• the surface of the leaves is glossy, waxy, hard.

In autumn, the bush takes on a dark red color. This variety practically does not bloom and does not bear fruit. It is used in the design in the form of a hedge, for the formation of bosquets, reservoirs.

Sunspot

Euonymus Sunspot euonymus is a low-growing creeping plant 25 cm high and with shoots about 1.2 m long. The leaves are small and densely arranged, forming a lush spherical crown. The variety grows quickly (30 cm per year), frost-resistant, does not require intense lighting. The shaded place does not affect the decorative effect of the shrub.

Leaves 2.5 cm with a dark green color with a bright yellow spot at the base, similar to a sun glare. Grown in the Far East, in Siberia for the design of the first plan of flower beds. Combines harmoniously with tall shrubs, flowering crops. It is used for framing fountains, curbs, alpine slides.

Coloratus

The undersized variety Coloratus is recognized as the best for growing in the shade of trees. In the sun and without it, the plant feels equally comfortable. Forms a multiple number of shoots, which at a height of half a meter create a continuous covering from the crown. Easily climb up a tree trunk or a specially installed support. This variety of euonymus can reach 5 m in height. Creates the appearance of a green solid cascade.

Leaves of a monochromatic light green color up to 5 cm in diameter are oppositely located on the stem. In landscape design, euonymus is used for a green accent in rockeries among stones, a suitable variety for hedges, rabatok, rock garden.

Types and varieties

The plant euonymus forchuna and its species are used as a ground cover and as a ground cover. There are more than 200 species and varieties of shrubs. The most famous and demanded:

• ... A frost-resistant ground cover bush reaches 25 cm in height.The leaves have a dark green color with a white border.

• harlequin
  ... The dwarf ground-bloom shrub is shade-loving, susceptible to frost. White interspersed with yellow and pink flowers.

Planting time - spring or autumn

... The most favorable conditions for growth and development can be created by loamy soil. Optimal lighting is the sun, a small shadow. Does not like stagnant water in the soil. A drainage layer (gravel, expanded clay, sand, peat) is laid out in the hole before planting. The depth of the pit is 30 cm, the root ball should remain above the ground, at least 5 cm. After planting, watered generously. Mulch the near-stem area using a layer of earth or. Fertilized in spring or autumn, once a year.

The plant needs watering in dry summers and early spring. Young seedlings systematically, adult plants, if necessary - 1 time in 5 days. A young plant must be protected from weeds, in the first 2 years it cannot cope on its own. Loosening of the soil is carried out 2-3 days after watering. For winter, sensitive young shrubs (dry foliage) are sheltered. By planting a shrub in a draft-free area, in winter it will be provided with a natural shelter from frost - snow.

The shrub is not painful

... The most dangerous pests for him are aphids, spider mites, euonymus scale insects, fungal diseases.

They lead the plant to deformation and possible death. To combat and prevent them, the plant is sprayed with a solution of chemicals. Actellic is used once every 7 days for three weeks for pest control. Concentration of 1 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water. For prophylaxis, once a year - in the spring, 1 ml of the drug per 2 liters of water.

Planting recommendations

It is advisable to purchase Fortchun euonymus seedlings in a specialized store or directly from gardeners. Before you buy seedlings, be sure to look at their appearance. The root system should be strong, not sluggish, the branches should be intact and intact. For planting, seedlings that have reached 3 years old are suitable, since their root system is already well formed and strong enough.

Seat selection

When choosing a place for planting, consider the main nuance: almost all varieties prefer a lot of light and sun. Since direct sunlight in the daytime can lead to wilting of the leaves, it is better if the bush is intensely lit in the morning or evening. Also, the proximity to underground waters is not suitable for euonymus, so it must be planted on a hill.

The optimal planting site will be a part of the garden with light partial shade. You can pick up a place under a tree with a medium crown.

Site preparation

After you have decided on the location, you need to prepare the site for planting. Forchun's euonymus is unpretentious to the composition of the soil, but at the same time prefers loose and light soils. If you want the bush to form correctly, first prepare a fertile soil mixture of peat, sand, turf, humus and wood ash. The addition of mineral fertilizers will not hurt either.

Planting instructions

April or May is the best time for planting Fortune's spindle tree, because during the spring and summer the plant will take root well and will be ready for the cold weather. You can plant euonymus in the fall, but in this case the chances of successful acclimatization are significantly reduced.

Planting a plant is carried out in several stages:

1. We dig a hole or trench depending on the composition.
2. The pit should be larger than the root with the ground (1.5-2 times).
3. At the bottom, it is imperative to lay a drainage layer of 15 cm - this will protect the plant from groundwater. Expanded clay, broken brick or gravel will do.
4. We make a soil mixture from the excavated soil using peat, sand, humus and mineral fertilizers.
5. We plant the plant at a shallow depth. The root collar should not be deeply deepened into the soil.
6. Then the hole needs to be filled up and the earth compacted around the planted spindle tree, forming a hole.
7. Water the plant well.
8. After watering, you need to use mulch to maintain soil moisture. Most often, peat, sawdust or fallen leaves are used.

In the first days after planting, it is advisable to shade the seedlings - this contributes to quick adaptation in a new area and minimizes stress, which often leads to a decrease in the immunity of the planted specimens.

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• a new drug or treatment is not always better than an existing one;
• Even if a new drug or treatment is effective for other members, it may not be right for you.
• a new drug or treatment can have unexpected side effects.

The main differences between clinical research and some other scientific methods: voluntariness and safety

... People on their own (unlike rabbits) decide on participation. Each potential participant will learn about the clinical research process in all details from the information sheet - a document that describes the objectives, methodology, procedures and other details of the research. Moreover,
you can refuse to participate in the study at any time
, regardless of the reasons.

Clinical research participants are generally better protected than normal patients. Side effects can appear during the study and during standard treatment. But in the first case, the person receives additional insurance and, as a rule, better quality procedures than in ordinary practice.

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The company must first undergo an ethical review and obtain permission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

to conduct clinical trials.
Ethics committee
- which includes independent experts - checks whether the research protocol complies with ethical standards, finds out whether the research participants are sufficiently protected, assesses the qualifications of the doctors who will conduct it. During the study itself, the health status of patients is closely monitored by doctors, and if it deteriorates, the person will stop participating and receive medical assistance. Despite the importance of research for the development of medicine and the search for effective remedies for the treatment of diseases, for doctors and organizers, the condition and safety of patients is the most important.

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Rules for the care of Fortune's euonymus

To make the plant grow as decorative as possible, provide the euonymus with full and proper care.

Watering

Forchun's euonymus is drought-resistant and can do without watering for a certain time.Moisture deficiency will not cause the death of the plant, but will slow down the growing season. If in the summer there are heavy rains three times a month, additional irrigation is not required for the shrubs.

The euonymus is watered immediately after placement on the site. In the dry season, the plant is watered as the soil dries out. If sawdust was used as mulch, the moisture in the root circle will last longer.

The plant requires moderate watering. Excess moisture can cause root rot. In hot weather, moisten the shrub once a week. The euonymus is irrigated under the root using only warm water.

Top dressing

In the first year after planting, euonymus does not need additional feeding, since there are still enough nutrients in the soil. In the future, you can feed the plant both in spring and autumn. After winter, complex mineral fertilizers and compost are used for these purposes, and before the onset of cold weather - potash or phosphorus fertilizers.

Pruning

Crown formation should be carried out in early spring and late autumn. Cut off dry and damaged parts of the plant, and also give the shrub the desired shape. In the fall, it is worth removing the protruding branches that spoil the appearance of the bush. Cutting under the root is also well tolerated, and in the spring, young shoots will begin to grow together and grow more densely. It is advisable to process the cuts on the branches with a garden pitch.

The crown of the shrub can be shaped like a ball, a cone, and a standard tree can be formed. Gardeners advise pinching the tips of the stems to make the bush more lush and thick.

Mulching and loosening

Until the roots of the spindle tree have grown stronger, and the seedling itself is still quite young, weeding near the bush is necessary. Without it, there is a possibility that weeds can drown out the planted plant. After loosening, mulching is carried out to retain moisture in the soil and reduce the amount of required watering.

Wintering

The culture is frost-resistant and can withstand temperatures as low as -25 ° C. In case of freezing, it quickly recovers throughout the season. Preparation for winter of Fortchun's euonymus includes warming the root system of young plants under 3 years of age with a layer of mulch from sawdust, spruce branches, fallen leaves.

Prevention of infestation by pests and diseases

Treating shrubs with fungicides in spring is an effective preventive measure that will prevent the development of diseases. Proper watering and placement of the plant in a sunny place will protect it from a variety of pests and fungi.

Most often, Forchun's euonymus is affected by the following diseases and pests:

1. Powdery mildew. This disease manifests itself on the leaves of the plant - they become covered with white spots, and then dry out altogether. For treatment, Bordeaux liquid or special means to combat powdery mildew are most often used. After treatment, the damaged parts of the plant must be cut off.
2. Spider mite. If this pest has infected a shrub, then silver blotches will appear at the top of the leaves, and a cobweb will form below. To get rid of the tick, acaricides or a solution of calloidal sulfur are used.
3. Aphid. To combat aphids, insecticides or folk remedies are used.

Diseases and pests of euonymus

Thickened plantings, an increased content of nitrogen in the soil and waterlogging of the soil can lead to damage to the shrub with powdery mildew. The disease is manifested by the appearance of white bloom on the leaves. Plants are treated with Fundazol, Topaz or other fungicides.

Another fungal disease dangerous for euonymus is trunk rot, the appearance of which leads to the death of the plant. The affected areas should be removed and the bushes should be treated with fungicidal preparations. As a preventive measure, at the end of spring, plantings are treated with a solution of boron mixture.

Of the pests, euonymus can affect:

• caterpillars;
• spider mites;
• mealybug;
• aphid.

Tracks and their nests are removed manually.From the mealybug, plants are processed with Fitoverm, Conifor or Aktara. Spider mites and aphids can be destroyed with Actellik's solution.

Reproduction of Fortune's spindle tree

Fortune's euonymus can be propagated in several ways:

• dividing the bush;
• seeds;
• cuttings:
• layering.

Gardeners choose the best way for themselves.

Cuttings

Planting material is harvested in the summer from green and not lignified shoots. Cuttings of 10 cm in size are cut, planted in a container with fertile soil, pre-treated with a root growth stimulator. A polyethylene cap is made from above, removed to a shaded place. After 30 days, Fortune will give roots. The cuttings are transplanted to the wintering site, and in the spring they are moved to the site.

Seed method

Before laying the seeds, they are treated with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate. Sowed into sod soil mixed with river sand. After three months, seedlings will appear, they are dived into separate containers. They are in this state for 30 days, then they are placed in a specific place on the site. Sowing seeds is carried out at the end of January. You can plant seeds directly in the ground in the spring, by autumn they will sprout, for the winter, young shoots are sheltered in a mini-greenhouse.

Dividing the bush

This is the most effective way to breed spindle tree. An adult plant is dug up. Divide the root system into the required number of parts. Each lobe has a growth point, a root and several young shoots. They are seated on the territory.

Reproduction by layering

Creeping Fortune's euonymus reproduces in the wild by layering. When in contact with the soil, the adventitious roots on young shoots take root. They are separated from the main bush and planted on the site. You can propagate Fortune's euonymus on your own. To do this, a one-year-old shoot is instilled in, it gives roots, divided, planted in a permanent place.

Fortchun's euonymus is a low-growing creeping shrub with an attractive and bright crown. An ornamental plant is grown to create landscape compositions. Spindle tree is unpretentious in care, tolerates low temperatures well, undemanding to lighting and watering.

Growing as a houseplant

In addition to outdoor cultivation, Fortune euonymus is often grown as a pot culture. Domestic flowers love partial shade, in summer they can be taken out to the balcony or garden, and in winter the plant prefers coolness (+ 5-10 ° C). Bushes are planted in pots with a prepared mixture, for which they use:

• 2 parts of sod land;
• 1 part sheet;
• 1 part humus;
• 1 part sand.

You can also take turf, sand and peat in proportions of 3: 1: 0.5. Water the plant as the topsoil dries out. It is worth making sure that the water does not stagnate at the roots; in winter, the amount of watering is significantly reduced. In the warm season, it is preferable to keep the plant on the eastern windows, but for the winter it is worth moving to the south side. The euonymus feels good at a moderate temperature in summer (about 18-20 ° C), while in winter 6-8 ° C is quite enough. The houseplant responds well to spraying, especially during the heating season, when the indoor air is very dry.

It is recommended to fertilize the flower about once a week; for this purpose, mineral dressings and organic matter are used. During the dormant period, in winter, the plant is not fertilized. Young bushes need an annual transplant, and adults should be transplanted every 3 years. Best of all, Fortune's indoor euonymus reproduces by cuttings. To do this, in the summer, cuttings 4-5 cm in length are cut from young shoots.

The shoots are placed in a mixture of leafy earth with sand, after about 2 months they form roots and can be planted in flowerpots. Forchun's indoor euonymus can have both green leaf plates and variegated ones with yellowish-white spots. It is because of the decorative appearance of the crown that the plant is often planted as a houseplant.The bush withstands pruning well, so the crown can be shaped at your own discretion and create a spectacular home decoration from the plant. In spring, young shoots are pinched, and old or damaged ones should be pruned.

Planting spindle tree: video

With the support of the support, the plant will crawl along it, but nevertheless the euonymus is used mainly as a creeping shrub.

There are a lot of varieties of this plant. Let's consider the most common ones.

"Vegetus"

It looks like a wild spindle tree. Leaves up to 40 mm long, dark green and ovoid. The veins of the leaves are white, the border is also matte. It looks like a small shrub up to 15 cm high. In favorable conditions, it grows very quickly and forms lush carpets. Can "climb" a little on stones, trees, covering the roots. Extremely frost-resistant variety.

Variety "Baby" ("Minimus")

Can also form thick coatings. But this is a more miniature variety. Everything he has is smaller. Leaves are approximately 1 cm long, entire, elliptical. Shoots are threadlike, thin. Also tolerates frost well. It grows in the form of low "pads", no more than 5 cm.

Fortune's euonymus is named after the Anglo-Scottish botanist Robert Fortune, who first described this plant while in China.

Emerald Gold

Emerald in gold, translated from English, is an extremely common variety. It is a compact, slowly growing bush up to 30 cm high. The leaves are small - 2 cm, holly. It is highly valued for its color: the leaves themselves are bright emerald, and their edging is golden, yellow. In autumn, the plant changes color, becomes reddish-brown. Quite winter-hardy, withstands temperatures without snow up to -25.

Emerald gaiety

Up to 20 cm tall, a weakly creeping, compact bush. The leaves are uneven, ovoid, with a white border, 2 cm long. It is frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures above -25, in view of this, it is widespread in landscape design.

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Variety "Silver Queen" ("SilverQueen")

Otherwise called "Variagatus"). Quite high in height for a spindle tree - up to 20 cm and strongly growing - up to half a meter. In the cold season, the white edging of the bright green leaf takes on a pink tint.

"SunSpot"

Sunspot or sunny bunny, outwardly looks almost like an indoor Japanese euonymus. This is a dense shrub, almost does not grow. Growing slowly. No more than 20 cm in height. Leaves are 2 cm long, ovoid. The peculiarity is a bright golden spot in the form of a narrow ellipse along the axial vein. It tolerates snowy winters well, frost resistance is quite high.

"Sheridangold"

A compact tall bush up to 35 cm in height, the same width. The leaves are large - up to 4 cm long, ovoid. Feature - young leaves have a yellow-green hue, then turn green. A fairly resistant variety with medium frost resistance, it grows slowly.

Photos of these varieties

Care and reproduction

Euonymus grows extremely quickly, so the plant is periodically pruned. Although Fortune's euonymus does not need formative pruning, it is nevertheless necessary to remove ugly sticking out and dead branches to give an aesthetic appearance.

China is considered to be the birthplace of this small shrub.

It has a dense openwork crown with small leathery leaves of variegated or green color.

Important!

With enough heat, it can bloom with nondescript yellow-green flowers, after which poisonous fruits are formed.

The branches are very long

, capable of climbing on a support, but the height of the bush itself does not exceed 60 cm. The plant has varieties of different frost resistance, some of them can withstand a not very harsh winter.

Due to the properties of the branches of "Euonymus" to grow on the sides, it is used as a ground cover shrub. They try to plant in large dense groups and ribbons with different widths.

It goes well with spruce, thuja, juniper, and serves as a background for them.

In the home garden, it looks great among groups of plants and mixed compositions, strips of various shrubs, landscapes with stones and alpine slides.