Talker mushrooms: description of edible and poisonous species

0

1302

Article rating

The talker mushroom has a large number of varieties. Among them there are both edible mushrooms with a pleasant taste and dangerous poisonous representatives that can cause severe poisoning.

Description of the talker mushroom

General description of talkers

Clithocybe is a genus of cap mushrooms, which belongs to the family of ordinary mushrooms. This species is very often confused in appearance with the genus Lepista or Leucopaxillus. People eat only safe varieties of the mushroom, they can be calculated primarily by their color and aroma. They are bright in color and with a less pronounced tart odor.

The mushrooms got their name due to the fact that they grow in groups and closely, as if talking to each other. The description of the talker begins with the parameters of the cap, plate, leg, pulp and ends with the features of the spore powder.

Talker mushrooms have small and medium-sized caps, the diameter of which varies from 3 to 6 centimeters. It happens that there are specimens in which the cap reaches 15 centimeters. The hemispherical shape of the cap is inherent in young mushrooms, but when they grow up, it becomes more even. Mature clitocybe have caps depressed in shape, somewhat similar to a funnel.

If the climate is right for the mushrooms, their caps will be dry and smooth. They are found in different colors: whitish, gray-brown, pink-brown, ocher. The color of the cap is uneven, becoming lighter from the center to the edge during the growth period.

The plates are located on the underside of the mushroom cap, they are white in color, but turn yellow as the talker ages. The height of the leg depends entirely on the type of clithocybe, the maximum figure is 8 centimeters. The diameter of the stem varies from 0.5 to 3 centimeters. The pulp is white, dense. As the talker ages, the flesh becomes looser and crumbly. The spore powder is white or creamy white in color.

Clitocybe has a huge genus, which includes about 250 species of fruit bodies. Some of them are very popular and are used for preparing various dishes for the purpose of rapid weight loss and in medicine.

Poisoning symptoms

When eating waxy or whitish talkers, symptoms of poisoning appear after 15-30 minutes, less often later. The patient complains:

• for nausea;
• stomach ache;
• labored breathing;
• heat;
• visual impairment.

Objectively, you can notice the symptoms of poisoning:

• redness of the face;
• vomiting;
• increased salivation;
• an upset bowel movement (diarrhea);
• increased sweating;
• bradycardia;
• bronchospasm;
• lowering blood pressure;
• convulsions.

narrow pupil

One of the important symptoms of poisoning with a whitish, waxy or fly agaric is a spasm of accommodation or a narrow pupil. This is what causes visual impairment in the patient, the so-called false myopia.

There are also symptoms of damage to the nervous system, but these are not hallucinations, but confusion, the patient becomes inadequate, does not understand where he is. Often there is fear or attacks of aggression, which can be abruptly replaced by euphoria.

Side effects of muscarine are shivering, chills. Perhaps a violation of urination in the form of frequent urination. All these symptoms are associated with the effect on the M-receptors of smooth muscles.

Often, symptoms of poisoning can go away on their own, their severity decreases 2-3 hours after poisoning. If the amount of muscarine entered the blood is large, a fatal outcome is possible.

Death occurs due to respiratory failure. It is caused by a spasm of the smooth muscles of the bronchi and increased secretion of the bronchial glands. Spasm of bronchioles and increased production of viscous mucus makes breathing difficult. In the lungs rales are heard, wheezing breathing. The patient has pronounced shortness of breath, cyanoticity (blue discoloration) of the skin.

Respiratory failure causes hypoxia (a decrease in oxygen in the blood), then hypercapnia appears (an increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the blood). If you do not provide timely assistance, death occurs.

Talkers: benefit and harm

This type of mushroom has many beneficial properties because it combines vegetable and animal proteins. Fiber, vitamins, active minerals, amino acids - an incomplete list of what mushrooms are rich in. Properly prepared fruiting bodies will have a positive effect on the functioning of the digestive system, strengthen immunity, and reduce the likelihood of malignant formations and tumors.

You can cleanse and renew the entire body (remove toxins, heavy metal salts) with the help of Clitocybe. For vegetarians, these mushrooms are an irreplaceable product of the diet, because in terms of the total amount of nutrients and nutrients, they are in no way inferior to meat products.

Some doctors and traditional medicine practitioners use the pulp, legs and caps of edible fruit bodies to treat diseases. Ointments and decoctions from the clitocybe heal and disinfect wounds. Mushrooms are used to treat respiratory tract and bladder problems.

Govorushka is a low-calorie product, the energy value of which is only 30 kilocalories (in one hundred grams).
The composition of the talker: the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates

Almost all types of mushrooms are low-calorie, for example, in 100 grams of champignons - 27 kilocalories, in 100 grams of butter - 9 kilocalories, but in 100 grams of dried porcini mushrooms - 152 kilocalories. Talkers are not just low-calorie, but also a very useful product for the human body.

Species of talkers, which are considered edible, cannot do any harm, and after trying inedible fruit bodies, there is a chance of getting food poisoning. Also, do not forget that mushrooms cannot be collected near roads and contaminated areas, because they absorb and accumulate toxins from the external environment.

Poisoning treatment

The patient must be taken to a hospital, usually an intensive care unit. On the way to the hospital, the patient is injected with atropine (0.1 gram is enough). Atropine is an anticholinergic antagonist that relieves irritation of M-receptors. Then they carry out activities aimed at removing muscarine from the body, supporting the activity of the heart and respiration.

To remove muscarine, gastric lavage is performed and castor oil or an enema is prescribed. If the patient's consciousness is confused, then infusion therapy is carried out, this is the intravenous administration of medicinal solutions in large volumes. Then "Furosemide" (aka "Lasix") is prescribed so that excess water comes out with urine and removes the remnants of muscarine in the blood. This treatment is called forced diuresis.

In case of cardiac disorders, camphor, caffeine are prescribed, and in case of shortness of breath, a decrease in breathing volume, the patient is given oxygen to breathe. In severe cases, lung intubation may be necessary.

Edible talkers

Edible talkers include:

• clubfoot (it can be eaten, but not in combination with alcohol);
• odorous (aniseed);
• funnel-shaped;
• bent (redhead) and many others.

During the mushroom season, many mushroom pickers are looking for a giant and orange talker, since they are 100 percent edible and the dishes from them are delicious and nutritious.

Giant talker - edible, belongs to the genus of freckles. Its cap is very large, 8 to 30 centimeters in diameter. The color of the cap is milky white or cream. The center of the cap is painted in darker shades, with a convex shape. The height of the leg is 4-7 centimeters, its shape is a cylinder. The pulp is firm, white in color, and has no distinctive aroma or taste. You can find a giant talker in North America, Europe and the Russian Federation. The harvest period for fruiting bodies falls at the end of August and ends in October. If the weather is good until November, then mushroom pickers can meet the mushroom this month.

The orange talker is considered a poor quality edible mushroom. Only fresh fruit bodies are used for food, which are boiled for 15-20 minutes, then marinated according to their preferences. Mushroom pickers collect only the hats of young talkers, their legs are tough, and their mature fruiting bodies are completely tasteless. They taste like pine wood. You can pick orange mushrooms from early August to late October. Inhabits coniferous and mixed forest plantations in moss, pines and soil.

Clithocybe smoky (gray or smoky gray) refers to the conditionally edible species of mushrooms. In order to safely eat a smoky govorushka, it is necessary to boil it, it is undesirable to use the broth for further preparation of any dish. Improper preparation can lead to shortness of breath and food poisoning.

This mushroom surprises with its ability to boil, but for the floral aroma of the pulp, you can forgive the fruit for a small amount of it after cooking. It is not difficult to find a smoky species in forest plantations, the period of mushroom picking begins in late summer and ends in late autumn.

Poisonous types of talkers

Particularly dangerous talkers are whitish, grooved, deciduous, inverted, weak-smelling and waxy.

The whitish clitocybe is a mushroom that should not be harvested and eaten. He has a small hat, slightly depressed. The color of the cap is pale red and pale gray at the edges. The pulp of the fruit beckons with a pleasant aroma reminiscent of a tomato. The fruiting body contains poison (muscarine). You can meet the mushroom in Germany, France, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Portugal. Mushrooms appear in meadows and forests with conifers from mid-summer to early autumn.

Waxy govorushka - poisonous, with a high concentration of poison. A hat of medium diameter (6-8 centimeters), painted in dark white shades. The edges of the cap are wave-shaped and raised upward. The leg is low and of the same color as the head. You can meet a dangerous species in the countries of Eurasia. Grows in forests near decaying foliage, wood and needles. Talkers form large groups, they practically do not grow individually. You can see the "colonies" of dangerous mushrooms from late summer to mid-November.

Spread

An inverted talker is widespread throughout the temperate forest belt of Russia. It settles in large numbers, forming rows and “witch's rings” on the forest floor, mainly of coniferous forests. It is also found in mixed forests, but less often.

The fruiting period is from August to September.

Brown-yellow talker

Mushroom diets

In order to go on a mushroom diet, in which the daily diet will consist of nutrients and talkers, you need to know in advance how to cook these mushrooms. The cooking method is simple. Fruit bodies must be cleaned of leaves, debris and other forest pollution.

Then you need to rinse the mushrooms under running cold water.Pour the required amount of water into a saucepan so that it completely covers the nutritious talkers and salt (1 teaspoon per 1 liter). When the water boils, you should mark for 25-30 minutes and cook over medium heat. After such processing and preparation, the mushroom can be used in any diet.

Losing excess weight with the help of a mushroom diet is simple, this is possible due to the low calorie content of talkers and their ability not to linger in the stomach. This food prevents the buildup of fat deposits in the body. Nutritionists prescribe mushroom diets if there are no kidney, intestinal, stomach or liver diseases. This is due to the fact that the pulp contains a substance called chitin, which is difficult to assimilate. Therefore, it is best to consult with a specialist before starting testing a new diet.

A mushroom diet with vegetables will help you get rid of extra pounds in a short period of time. You need to eat 400 grams of talkers per day and the same amount of any vegetables. You need to eat mushrooms in three doses. It is allowed to drink mineral water, juices, green tea and a glass of rye kvass. For a variety of tastes, it is allowed to enjoy one or two teaspoons of honey. The result of dietary nutrition will be noticeable after one and a half to two weeks.

The best materials of the month

• Why you can't go on a diet on your own
• 21 tips on how not to buy a stale product
• How to keep vegetables and fruits fresh: simple tricks
• How to beat your sugar cravings: 7 unexpected foods
• Scientists say youth can be prolonged

A mushroom diet, in which mushrooms completely replace meat, and become the main ingredient in dishes.

First aid for poisoning

At the first symptoms of poisoning with a talker, you need to call an ambulance. The antidote to muscarine is atropine. If possible, an injection of atropine is given to prevent the development of poisoning. When this is not possible, then before the ambulance arrives, the victim must be laid down.

You can not give the patient any antiemetic drugs or drugs for diarrhea - the body must be cleansed of poison. During poisoning, vomiting occurs spontaneously, this is the symptom. You can independently provoke vomiting by irritating the root of the tongue with your fingers, but you cannot drink water for this purpose, as it will increase the absorption of the poison. It is better to give the patient to take activated charcoal or any other sorbent.

If the patient has lost consciousness, you need to lay him on one side to prevent the entry of vomit into the respiratory tract. In case of convulsions, make sure that the patient does not hit furniture or surrounding objects. It is not necessary to give the patient water, to do an enema, as this can increase the absorption of muscarine into the blood and worsen the patient's condition.

When breathing stops, resuscitation measures are performed - artificial respiration and chest compressions.