Frost-resistant grape variety with excellent taste - Pink Flamingo

Phaeton grape variety description photo reviews video

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Content

Phaeton is one of the best forms of Oleg Mikhailovich Pysanka grapes. It really impresses not only with the size of berries and excellent presentation, but shows good results in terms of yield and stability. Despite its young age, the form has already established itself as promising.

Advantages and disadvantages of the "Chocolate" grape variety

• The advantages of the PG-12 variety include:
• stable yield;
• high-quality self-pollination;
• excellent taste;
• excellent presentation of bunches;
• excellent transportability;
• long storage without loss of marketability;
• excellent frost resistance;
• high resistance to diseases;
• no defeat by wasps.

• Despite the undoubted advantages, there are some disadvantages:
• needs shelter for the winter;
• in cold years, it may not have time to collect sugar and fully ripen;
• is attacked by birds eating berries.

Breeding work

Phaeton is one of the first successful brainchilds of the author, which, along with other forms (SS-12, SS-13, SS-21), was obtained from self-seeding, which is what the abbreviation SS-21 says. Perhaps this was the impetus for starting to engage in breeding work, despite such a respectful age. Self-seeding was selected in 2010 and taken for testing. Since 2011, Oleg Mikhailovich has been carefully observing the Phaeton, growing it in different conditions. For this, four bushes were planted on their roots, and 29 were re-grafted onto the rootstock 16-3. Later he brought this form to the exhibition in Yalta in 2012 and made a good impression on the visitors with it.

The parental pair was not specified, as self-seeding, but the people require clarification. Therefore, Pysanka suggested that the growing Gift of Zaporozhye most likely became the maternal form, and anyone could serve as a pollinator. Oleg Vasilievich relied on Maritsa, a Bulgarian variety because of the similar color of the berries.

After that, on one of the Internet forums, a discussion developed that the Gift to Zaporozhye is prone to cod and cannot give high-quality offspring, etc. etc. But, the author has proved the opposite in practice.

Oleg Mikhailovich presents Phaeton as a replacement for Favor Krainov.They are similar in appearance, ripening time and more. But what separates them is the Phaeton's resistance to cod and the ability to hang on the bush for a long time without losing its commercial qualities, which cannot be said about Tabor. I am not saying that Tabor is in bad shape. On the contrary, I like it because of its large size.

Reproduction methods

Grapes can be propagated in a variety of ways. To achieve good results, you must strictly adhere to the rules of the procedure.

Cuttings

In this case, it is recommended to perform the following actions:

1. Remove the cuttings from the basement in early February. Cut off the bottom.
2. Use a sharp knife to scratch the bark near the 2 centimeters cut. This will make it easier for the roots to germinate.
3. Soak cuttings in water or wrap in moss and plastic.
4. After the roots appear, plant in a pot with soil.

It is recommended to plant the plant in open ground in early May. The exact time depends on the climatic conditions.

Graft

The plant can be propagated by grafting. The stock can be young or mature. When pruning, the top of the vine should be thrown away - it is usually unripe. The remaining lash should be cut with pruning shears to obtain cuttings with 4-5 eyes.

To preserve the juice, the sections should be dipped in hot paraffin and wrapped in a damp cloth. Store the cuttings until spring. Then you can get vaccinated. The splitting method is best for this variety.

Layers

The plant can be propagated by layering. To do this, it is recommended to take a powerful shoot and bend it to the ground, placing it in a specially prepared trench. Fix and cover with earth. The soil must be periodically moistened. After a while, roots will appear.

The declared characteristics of Phaeton

Ripening period early. Full ripening in mid-August.

Bunches large, cylindrical-conical, with an average weight of 800-1200 grams, some can reach over 2 kg. The density of the bunch is moderate, the berry does not choke or deform. Pollination is consistently good, the berry is one-dimensional.

Berry oval or slightly elongated, very large. The weight of the berries ranges from 14 to 16 grams, and with good agricultural technology, they can reach over 20 g. The color is gaining from dark pink in the shade to purple or bright red in good lighting.

Taste harmonious, pleasant. The pulp is fleshy and juicy with an easily eaten skin.

Bushes great strength of growth. The vine ripens for almost the entire length of the shoot. Rooting rate of cuttings is high.

Sustainability to the main hybrid diseases such as mildew and oidium and gray rot is good. Frost resistance up to -23ºС.

What Phaeton shows me gives hope to be a farm for him. Over time, farmers will appreciate many advantages of the form (it does not crack; sparrows do not break the berry; it can hang on the bush for a long time; but if the berry is spoiled, then the rot does not go to the neighboring one, etc.) Sincerely, O. Pysanka.

Disease prevention

Despite the fact that the “Chocolate” variety is rarely affected by phylloxera and powdery mildew, in order to prevent it, it is better to treat it with special preparations - “Colloidal sulfur” or “Fitosporin-M”.

The situation is slightly worse with mildew - downy mildew. To prevent the spread of this disease, vines should be sprayed with fungicides before and after flowering. Copper-containing preparations, for example, a 1% solution of copper sulfate, also help well.

Did you know? Since ancient times, people have been respectful of grapes. Its bunches were depicted on coins and kitchen utensils. Also, grapes are mentioned in the legendary "Odyssey" of Homer, ancient Greek manuscripts and Babylonian cuneiform.
Thus, Maradona grapes, with proper care by the gardener, will show excellent taste and be used for the production of wines and juices.And its advantage, such as good resistance to diseases, makes its cultivation not particularly difficult, although preventive measures are mandatory.

Personal observations

The first crop was cut in the third decade of August. At the same time, there was a decent load on the bush. The container looks very solid, the berry is marketable and beautiful. The market is definitely in high demand.

After a daily rain, not a single berry burst. Also, I noticed that overloading affects not only the ripening period, but also the color. If you want a brighter and more saturated color, you need to lighten the bunches by removing the leaves and stepchildren in the area of ​​the bunches, but take into account that in the strong sun some berries may burn.

For the Phaeton I would like to say a big thank you to Oleg Mikhailovich Pisanka!

Pros and cons

This variety has more advantages than disadvantages. Here is some of them:

• The bunches have a presentable appearance, the berries are not peas in them.
• The berries do not burst from rainy weather
• The grapes are able to survive perfectly on the bushes.
• Doesn't need any special care.
• High-yielding (up to 14-15 tons per hectare).
• The harvest is well kept.

Disadvantages are minor:

• It is believed that, due to the color of the berries, grapes are inferior to other varieties, therefore, they are not quite a market option, that is, not for an amateur.
• You can enjoy grapes for a short time.
• It is possible to be wrong about the harvest time.

Important! Incompletely ripe berries are red-brown in color. They are already acquiring sweetness and seem edible, but such clusters are not yet ripe and are not ready to eat. When fully ripe, the berries acquire a chocolate color and original varietal taste.

Distinctive features of the variety

Grape "Phaeton" is a relatively new hybrid variety, which is the result of crossing of two parental forms "Maritsa" and "Gift of Zaporozhye". From the parent base, the grapes inherited high frost resistance, a strong immune system and high marketability. The author of the new variety was the Ukrainian breeder O. M. Pysanka in 2013. "Phaeton" is a representative of mid-early table varieties of grapes, in which the growing season varies from 115 to 125 days.

Also check out the following table grape varieties:

The bushes are distinguished by a high growth rate, good maturity of the vine. In the process of development, large, oval-conical clusters weighing up to 1 kg are formed on them. The berries have a round, regular shape, rather large, weighing 12-18 g, dark pink in color. The fruits are characterized by juiciness, sugar content, pleasant taste, and have a slight aftertaste of dried fruits. The skin is dense, but at the same time, it bites well and chews easily.

Grape berries have an ideal marketable appearance, are not subject to cracking, are able to maintain their aesthetically pleasing appearance for a long time, and are perfectly adapted for transportation. The indisputable advantage of the variety is its frost resistance and resistance to many diseases affecting grapes. It is able to withstand low temperatures well, down to –25 ° С.

The history of the creation of the variety

The Maradona grapes were bred by the famous Soviet breeder Pavel Yakovlevich Golodriga in 1981. The variety was obtained as a result of a long selection of descendants of two parental varieties - "Katta Kurgan Kirovabad table" and "Antey Magarachsky". In addition to the name "Maradona", it is found under the names "Chocolate", "In Memory of the Golodriga", "Taifi Stable", "Pavel Golodriga - 12" ("PG-12") and "Red Maradona".

In 1986, the variety entered state trials in Russia and Ukraine.Now "Chocolate" can be found in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, as well as everywhere in Ukraine and Moldova. Moreover, it equally attracts both the owners of small private vineyards and large farming vineyards.

The nutritional value

The grapes of "Phaeton" have a high nutritional value and contain a whole range of vitamins, micro- and macroelements useful for the human body.

BJU fruits are presented:

• proteins - 0.72 g;
• fats - 0.16 g;
• carbohydrates - 17.2 g.

At the same time, the calorie content of pink grapes is 64 kcal per 100 g.

The fruits of "Phaeton" are capable of replacing a full-fledged vitamin and mineral complex, since they contain:

• B vitamins: normalize the work of the nervous system, normalize night rest, relieve nervous tension, depression;
• vitamin A: takes part in protein synthesis, rejuvenates, cleanses from harmful substances and toxins;
• vitamin E: prevents premature aging, improves the condition of the skin, hair and nails, accelerates regeneration processes;
• vitamin P: strengthens the walls of blood vessels, has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the thyroid glands;
• vitamin K: prevents the formation of blood clots, improves blood composition, has a positive effect on hematopoiesis;
• ascorbic acid: strengthens the immune system, increases the protective functions of the human body, helps to resist viruses and bacteria;
• iron: enriches the blood with oxygen, prevents anemia, has a positive effect on blood circulation;
• potassium: normalizes the functioning of the cardiovascular system, normalizes blood pressure;
• magnesium: has a sedative effect, calms the nervous system;
• fluorine: necessary for the formation of dental tissue, strengthens bones, prevents the development of degenerative processes;
• bromine: activates enzyme systems, improves the functioning of the digestive tract, relieves excessive irritability.

The chemical composition of berries is supplemented with antioxidants, fiber, beta-carotene, essential oils and fatty acids, which have anti-aging, anti-cancer, cleansing and anti-inflammatory effects.

Specifications

Medium-early ripening of the culture allows you to quickly get table grapes with a high percentage of sugar content and pleasant taste. After full ripening, around the beginning of September, the berry acquires a dark pink color and is poured with a large amount of juice.

The fruits have the following technical characteristics:

• weight - 12-18 g;
• sugar content - 17-23%;
• acidity - 4 g / l;
• bones - 3-5 units available;
• the peel is dense, not prone to cracking.

How to plant correctly

In order for the plant to develop normally, it should be provided with quality care. Of no small importance is strict adherence to the recommendations for planting culture.

Timing recommendations

It is recommended to plant grapes of this variety in spring or autumn. In cold areas, it is best to do this in the first half of May, when the weather is warm. For a short summer, the grapes will have time to take root and overwinter normally.

In autumn, it is permissible to plant the plant in the southern regions.

Site selection and preparation

Seedlings of this variety are planted in a sunny area. It is best to choose the south side. In shady places, culture does not develop well. Lack of lighting will lead to the fact that the berries will not remain greenish.

The culture requires a nutritious soil with a high-quality drainage layer. It is not recommended to grow grapes in swampy areas.

Bushes of this variety grow well in the area of ​​buildings or near fences. Such barriers provide excellent protection against draft and wind.

See also

Description and technology of growing Super Extra grapes

To read

How to choose and prepare planting material

You can buy a seedling of this variety in a specialized store or grow it yourself from a cutting. In the first case, you should carefully examine the plant. When buying a shrub with closed roots, you should make sure that there are green leaves on the crop.

When buying a plant in the cold season, you need to consider that the stalk is alive. The buds should be swollen and ready to open. A green texture should be visible when the skin is cut. There can be no areas of decay or damage on the seedling itself.

Landing scheme

It is recommended to plant the plant in early May. The timing of the work depends on the climate. To complete the procedure, you should do the following:

1. Prepare a recess in advance for disembarkation. This is done in the fall or at least 1 week in advance. The depth and diameter of the hole should be 80 centimeters.
2. Fill the well halfway with fertile soil and compost. Fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus should be added to the composition. If the soil is too heavy, sand should be added to loosen it. It is recommended to add drainage from crushed bricks and stones to the hole before filling.
3. Remove the seedling from the pot with a clod of earth. Place in a hole and cover with soil. Water to settle the soil. Apply a mulching layer of peat and sawdust on top.

Useful properties for the body

The rich chemical composition of grapes and the presence of components necessary for the normal functioning of the human body determine a huge range of its useful qualities. It is equally useful for both men and women and children.

For men

The sweet berry brings special benefits to the male body, because it allows you to strengthen and restore potency, improve the functioning of the reproductive system, and improve sexual function. It has been proven that with regular use of the fruit for three months, the sperm count doubles.

In addition, due to the high potassium content, grapes prevent the risk of strokes and heart attacks, reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol in the blood, and strengthen the walls of blood vessels. It allows you to quickly restore strength after exhausting workouts, improve brain activity.

For women

Grapes are no less useful for women.

It has a rejuvenating, cleansing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effect, thanks to which it allows:

• rejuvenate the skin, prevent premature aging, accelerate cell regeneration;
• eliminate inflammation, redness;
• cleanse the body, free from harmful substances and toxins;
• normalize the work of the nervous, cardiovascular and digestive systems;
• relieve irritation and normalize night sleep;
• increase libido and sex drive;
• normalize hormonal levels.

Since juicy berries contain a huge range of vitamins, they will be useful for women during pregnancy. It is necessary to consume them in the first trimester, but in the third it is better to abandon the consumption of grapes, since due to the high nutritional value, it is able to provoke weight gain and the development of edema.

During lactation, berries should be eaten with great care, as they can cause allergic reactions, bloating, and intestinal problems. You can eat fruits while breastfeeding, starting when the baby reaches three months of age. It is allowed to eat 1-2 pieces per day, gradually increasing the portion, provided that there are no negative reactions from the female and child's body.

For kids

It is recommended to consume grapes for children from two years old. Since it is capable of causing allergies, bloating, fermentation in the intestines, the starting portions of the berry should be only 1-2 pieces.

Fruits can bring invaluable benefits to a small body:

• strengthen immunity, fight colds;
• positively affect the functioning of the liver and kidneys;
• restore strength and improve brain activity;
• eliminate nervous tension caused by intensive study.

Website about the cottage

Table of characteristics of the variety Libya

Viticulture is an industry that thrives quite successfully in Ukraine. Not only traditional varieties are bred, but many new hybrid species that are good not only for the wine industry, but also as a table dessert. This article contains information about Libya grapes, or rather a description of the variety containing photo reviews.

The variety Libya was bred by a breeder from Zaporozhye - Vitaly Zagorulko. The novelty reached the register of Ukraine only in 2011, but has already become a favorite among many winegrowers due to its unpretentious care. Not all amateur gardeners have reached the description of a relatively new variety, but technical progress will solve this problem very quickly.

Description

Flamingo and Arcadia are the parent pair of the new hybrid Libya table grape. The variety is very early, the growing season is about 115 days, no more. Already in the third year of cultivation, you can start harvesting. Vigorous and tall bushes have a fairly powerful trunk. The usual color of new young shoots is light brown. Inflorescences are well developed, bisexual flowers promote independent reproduction. Leaves densely cover the plant, have a five-lobed shape.

The bunches are cylindrical, not very dense, the structure is looser. Rather branched instances occur. The length of the bunches is 25 centimeters.

The berries do not stand out in the same shape, they can be oval, round, ovoid. The weight of one grape is about fifteen millimeters, the length is about 25, the width is 18 millimeters. The Libya variety cannot boast of a uniform color; the tone of the berries can range from yellow to dark pink. On average, there are two grains in each berry.

The skin is thin, it is practically not felt during the meal. The pulp, on the other hand, is fleshy and juicy. Many table varieties have a light nutmeg aroma, Libya grapes, a description of the variety, a photo, reviews of which below are no exception. A decent taste is achieved due to the correct combination of sugar content, which is approximately 25%, and acidity - 6-9 hl.

The Libya grape variety has many merits, as the thematic forum notes. The most important of them are:

Advantages

• Early maturation;
• Presentation of bunches;
• Harmonious berry taste;
• High level of transportability;
• Good marketability of bunches that can lie in storage for a month without losing their attractive appearance;
• Stable, high yields.

disadvantages

• Uneven coloring of fruits;
• Frequent non-compliance of the color of the grown berries with the declared standards;
• Low disease resistance, especially to fungal ailments - mildew and oidium;
• Another important characteristic is low resistance to frost, withstands only up to 21 degrees, given that the variety was bred in Ukraine, this indicator of tolerance to low temperatures could be higher.

You can buy seedlings here

Care and cultivation

Libya is a canteen form, with large berries.That is why her care is especially appreciated, fertilizers are beneficial, preference should be given to potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. Short pruning is recommended because it is vigorous. The load of eyes on one bush should not exceed 45 pieces. Overloading will prevent the entire crop from ripening.

The ability to shoot shoots is high. Before the bush blooms, you need to pinch the fruit-bearing shoots. If this is not done, then the plant will direct all efforts to the growth itself, and not to the formation of the crop. The stepsons also need to be removed in time for this very reason. If severe frosts are promised, below 21 degrees, you should worry about shelter in advance. If the bushes are still young enough, they must be covered, even with less frost.

Landing

Pits for seedlings must be prepared in advance. The size of the holes depends on the size of the root system of the plant - the diameter of the hole should be several times larger than the rhizome. Most of the free space needs to be filled with either clean humus or a mixture of humus and fertile soil - it will be even better. And already on top of the mixture you need to pour a layer of earth.

If you go to the forum, you can read a lot of different tips. Among them, we highlight the basic landing rules:

1. You can plant both a single seedling and whole grape plantings.
2. Trenches and holes are prepared in advance - at least four weeks before planting. This is necessary in order for the soil to shrink.
3. If the groundwater flows very high, the root system can begin to rot. To avoid this, a good drainage layer must be provided at the bottom of the planting pit.
4. Soil doesn't really matter to the Libya variety, but like other plants, this grape loves light, fertile soil.
5. In each hole, in the center, you need to install a support peg, to which the seedling will then be attached. This is necessary for the bush to grow correctly, upright.

Watering

Experienced gardeners advise to water the bushes a couple of times per season - before and after flowering. If it has not rained for a long time, then the amount of moisture supplied should increase, the main thing is not to overdo it, because strong drops in soil moisture will lead to cracking of the berries. Also, the amount of water should be increased on hot summer days.

Top dressing

When feeding the grape variety Libya, both organic and mineral fertilizers are used. They are simply laid out in a small layer - up to 3 centimeters, directly on the soil. Phosphorus and potassium act best on this culture. It is best to do this in late autumn - in the spring the nutrients will be close to the root system.

Pruning

One of the most important points of grape care is pruning (video). The development and growth of culture depends on this agrotechnical technique. Pruning of the Libya variety is usually short, with two to six buds, to increase yields. Seven to ten buds are rarely left. For those growers who want to grow large bunches, the forum recommends leaving no more than two ovaries on a branch. The practice of picking the leaves off the plant is not suitable when growing the Libya variety - all leaves must be left.

Reproduction

Rooting of Libya cuttings is going well. Young bushes begin to bear fruit only two years later, that is, on the third after planting. If you do not necessarily need large bushes, then thanks to grafting on a short rootstock, you can grow bushes a little more compact in size. Reproduction by grafting has another undoubted plus - the possibility of using trunk wood for growing - perennial, thanks to it, yields increase.

The best time for planting young bushes is early spring, autumn. Growing shoots in the first year of growth must be tied to vertical stakes, further for these purposes it will be necessary to use more reliable support, for example, trellises.

Diseases and pests

For the Libya variety, two diseases can bring the greatest danger: oidium and mildew.

Oidium threatens with complete defeat of the entire plant. It can be recognized by the gray mold that appears on the leaves. Then she moves to shoots, inflorescences and spreads further through the berries. To protect the grapes, you need to take preventive measures - spraying with special solutions, colloidal sulfur.

Mildew is also quite dangerous, it can be protected from it by several methods: pinching, pruning, airing or processing with Bordeaux solution.

Wasps are very dangerous pests for Libya. You can save the bushes with a thin cape stretched between the trellises. You can also place sweet traps with insecticide near the vineyard.

You can buy this variety here

Growing features

Phaeton grapes are unpretentious in terms of growing conditions, however, its agricultural technology requires compliance with some simple rules. It is cultivated on the territory of Ukraine, in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, Belarus and Moldova.

Productivity and storage method

The harvest time is easy to determine by external signs: taste, color and density of berries, acid and sugar content in them. Fruits with a dense, elastic skin, rich dark pink color and the presence of a characteristic waxy layer on their surface are considered ripe. You can start harvesting grapes when the sugar content is above 16%. The bunches are carefully cut with a secateurs and carefully folded in one layer in a dry, clean container, such as wooden or plastic boxes.

Before packing the crop in boxes, it is necessary to carefully examine the bunches, remove rotten, dry or damaged fruits. Fruiting indicators of "Phaeton" exceed 75%. This variety is distinguished by excellent keeping quality, is able to maintain aesthetic and taste qualities at a stable temperature from 0 to -1 ° C, and relative humidity of 90-95%.

Planting and grooming tips

The grapes prefer well-lit, open, slightly elevated areas, where there are no drafts and cold gusts of winds. For good fruiting, he needs a place where he will receive the maximum amount of sunlight, but will be protected from prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. This variety takes root well on loose, light soils, with underwater waters of at least 2.5 m. Too acidic, heavy soils that inhibit the development of the root system are not suitable for the culture.

"Phaeton" refers to moisture-loving varieties, however, it reacts negatively to excessive moisture. It is recommended to water the bushes regularly: immediately after planting the vines, and then as the top layer of the soil dries out. It is recommended to moisten the vine by the drip method or add water to the recesses previously made around it. Irrigation activities should be stopped two weeks before harvest.

Also, throughout the growing season, the crop must be fed 3-4 times using organic and mineral fertilizers. The variety perfectly "responds" to organic matter, but does not react well to excessive amounts of nitrogen mixtures. Fertilizers are recommended to be applied in springtime, as well as before and during the flowering phase.

Landing

The Flamingo variety is young, it has recently begun to settle in the vineyards, but there is great interest in it. You need to beware of substitutions, and do not buy seedlings from random sellers who do not inspire confidence.

You can plant grapes in autumn - in October, and in spring - in April.

Well, if your seedlings are grown in containers, rooting will happen more painlessly, since the root system practically does not suffer. In the same case, if the seedlings have open roots, inspect them carefully.

Remove the damaged ones and treat with Kornevit or Heteroauxin according to the instructions for the preparations. If everything is fine with the root system, processing is not necessary.

The choice of a place for grapes must be approached with all seriousness. Grapes and harvest should delight, and decorate the site.

In order for the grapes to give a rich harvest of good quality, they need to be planted from the southern or southwestern side of the site, wall, fence. He does not like cold, damp winds and shadows. It is undesirable for the groundwater to be closer than one and a half meters.

Fertile light soils are ideal for vineyards, but their absence is compensated by the application of fertilizers and a set of agrotechnical methods, combined with the care of seedlings.

Organic fertilizers are applied directly under the plant when planting in a planting hole, mineral fertilizers can be mixed with the soil during planting, but they are effective only in dissolved form.

Do not forget to water the seedling abundantly and sprinkle with dry soil or mulch the soil around the seedling. This will prevent cracking of the soil and drying out of the trunk circle.

Further watering is done as needed.

The grapes do not tolerate waterlogging, they are sick. Watering with any kind of sprayers is completely unacceptable.

The next application of organic matter is necessary in three years, mineral fertilizers, better complex ones, are applied annually, depending on the type of soil.

Diseases and pests

The variety has excellent resistance to ailments and pests, therefore, in rare cases, it needs protection. Sometimes, under unfavorable climatic conditions and non-observance of the basic rules of agricultural technology, it may be amazed:

1. Gray rot... It appears as gray or black decay on foliage. The main danger of the disease is that if the kidneys are damaged, the plant completely dies.
2. Oidium... The disease is caused by the causative agent of powdery mildew. It inhibits the development of berries, which leads to a decrease in yield.
3. Mildew. The appearance of oily spots on the leaf plate testifies to the defeat of the disease.
4. Spider mite... Its negative effect is easy to recognize by the formation of cobwebs from the bottom of the sheet.

Due to the lack of a sugary nutmeg taste, grapes are not susceptible to attacks by wasps and bees. To protect the bushes from diseases and parasites, it is recommended to carry out a systematic professional spraying using modern insecticidal preparations or a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid. Spraying should be done before flowering and harvesting. Additional disinfection is recommended during the rainy season and too high temperatures.

Such drugs as "Horus", "Topaz", against pests - "Conifor" and "Actellik" are especially effective against ailments. Systematic visual inspection of foliage and stems also helps prevent disease and pests.

Vineyard care

"Chocolate" is quite unpretentious, but requires regular watering, weeding, pruning and feeding. The frequency of watering depends on the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air. It is not worth watering the vine too much, Maradona does not like too wet and swampy areas.

Watering is mandatory at several stages of grape development:

• in the spring before the flowering of the vine;
• during the formation of bunches;
• after harvesting the main crop;
• in front of the shelter for the winter.

So that a crust does not form on the soil, which prevents the roots from "breathing", after each watering, the soil should be loosened. Moisture can be saved by mulching the root circle with a thick layer of peat, sawdust or cut grass.
For a good yield of grapes, it should be periodically fed with organic fertilizers - rotted compost, manure or humus.Also, the bushes respond well to fertilization with diluted chicken droppings and complex preparations. Top dressing is applied during watering, sometimes combined with preventive treatment with special antifungal agents.

During the season "PG-12" should be fertilized at least several times:

• immediately after flowering;
• during the ripening of the bunches;
• before sheltering for the winter.

The last seasonal dressing is done with potassium supplements, which improve the plant's endurance and prepare it for frost.
Variety "Maradona" is characterized by active growth. In the fall, the vine must be pruned to form a bush. The easiest way is to create a fan. If the size of the site allows, then two shoulders are formed from the bush. You can also arrange an arch over the vineyard, where to put the grape whips. When pruning an adult plant, no more than 45 buds should be left. The lashes are cut off, leaving no more than 8 eyes.

Also learn: grapes are berries or fruits.

If the grapes are young (up to 4 years old) or the site is located in a cold area, then it is better to cover it for the winter. For this, a bed of straw is formed on the ground, where a vine tied with ropes is laid. From above, the plants are covered with dense material or reed mats.

Use in cooking and winemaking

The Phaeton grape, due to its high frost resistance, resistance to ailments and high yield rates, is intended not only for home cultivation, but also for farming on a large scale. Due to the high commercial properties of the fruits, they are used for mass sales. Berries are perfectly savor fresh, suitable for making salads, desserts, juices, compotes. Selected raisins are also made from grapes.

This variety is of particular importance for winegrowers, because delicious, extremely delicate table red wine with a rich aroma is made from its berries. Excellent frost resistance, high level of transportability and pleasant taste of the fruits make Phaeton grapes one of the best promising forms for planting by farms. In addition, it does not require special growing conditions and bears fruit perfectly if the basic rules of agricultural technology are followed.

Testimonials

"The variety is generally good for myself, but not at all suitable for sale - the color is not attractive, the berries are small." Valera

“The chocolate variety can be stored until spring and the taste is awesome. The only drawback is the very small berries. " Alexey Shilov

"Best grapes I've ever tasted!" Andrew

Subject to the simple rules of cultivation and care, the "chocolate" grape variety will give its owner a rich harvest.