Each nation has not only its own history, but also its own tradition of naming convention, which over time acquires a special specificity and structure. One of the most beautiful and euphonious examples is the name Lilia. Its meaning goes back to the name of a magnificent flower that symbolizes beauty and innocence. It is not surprising that it has become entrenched in the cultural traditions of many peoples. The secret of the name Lily will be revealed in this article.
Biology [edit | edit code]
Bottom animals with a body in the form of a cup, in the center of which there is a mouth, and a corolla of branching rays (arms) extends upward. Downward from the calyx in stalked sea lilies, an attachment stalk up to 1 m long departs, growing to the ground and bearing lateral appendages (cirrus
); in stemless ones, only mobile cirrus. At the ends of the cirrus there may be denticles, or "claws" with which stemless lilies attach to the ground.
Sea lilies are the only echinoderms that have retained the body orientation characteristic of the ancestors of echinoderms: their mouth is turned upward, and the dorsal side is turned to the ground surface.
As in all echinoderms, the body structure of sea lilies is subject to five-ray radial symmetry. Hands 5, however, they can repeatedly separate, giving from 10 to 200 "false hands", equipped with numerous lateral branches (pinnules
). The loose corolla of the sea lily forms a net to trap plankton and detritus. Hands on their inner (oral) side have muco-ciliary ambulacral grooves leading to the mouth; along them, food particles captured from the water are transferred to the mouth opening. At the edge of the calyx, on a conical dais (
papilla
) is the anus.
There is an external skeleton; the endoskeleton of the arms and stem consists of calcareous segments. Branches of the nervous, ambulacral and reproductive systems enter the arms and stem. In addition to the external shape and orientation of the dorsal-abdominal axis of the body, sea lilies differ from other echinoderms in a simplified ambulacral system - there are no ampoules that control the legs and no madrepore plate.
How to get here?
There is an international airport 10 kilometers from the city center. It is here that permanent international and domestic flights land: from Spain, Portugal, Morocco. This time I flew from Spain, where an international conference was taking place for all of us journalists.
By the way, there are no direct flights from Russia. First you need to fly to the famous Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, take a train and arrive already here, in Lille.
Twice an hour high-speed trains run to Lille from the Gare du Nord. The journey takes about an hour. And the fare is from 17 to 40 euros.
There is a second option of departure - this is to fly to Brussels airport, which has a direct train connection with Lille. In just 40 minutes you can reach this enchanting city.
If you are going to go here from other cities in France, then you can get from Lyon (travel time 3 hours), Marseille (travel time 4 hours), Bordeaux (travel time 5 hours), Strasbourg (travel time takes 3 hours) ...
For beloved Englishmen, there is a railway connection with London: a train moves through a mysterious tunnel under the English Channel, the journey takes only an hour.
In Lille, two large stations have been built: Flemish and European.They are located 400 meters from each other.
Evolution [edit | edit code]
Fossil sea lilies have been known since the Lower Ordovician. Presumably, they descended from primitive pedunculated echinoderms of the class Eocrinoidea. The greatest flourishing was reached in the Middle Paleozoic, when there were more than 5,000 species, but by the end of the Permian period most of them became extinct. The subclass Articulata, which includes all modern sea lilies, has been known since the Triassic.
Fossilized remains of sea lilies are among the most abundant fossils. Some limestone strata, dating from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, are almost entirely composed of them. Fossil segments of crinoid stems that resemble cogwheels are called trochites.
Meaning of the name
As mentioned above, the female name Lily is traditionally associated with a beautiful snow-white flower. The name of this plant goes back to the Latin word "lilium". It turns out that this name can be translated as "comparable in beauty to a lily bud." One of the most ancient names that celebrate the beauty of a woman is Lily. The origin of the name associated with the name of flowers is not uncommon in various cultures, but it was the lily that became the symbol of purity and innocence. In European languages, it denoted royalty, rebirth, purity and immortality.
Some researchers believe that the name we are considering is one of the forms of the name Lilith. This was the name of Adam's first wife. Lilith is translated from Hebrew as "spirit", "air" or "silence of the night." There is also an assumption that this name is a Latinized form of the biblical name Sosanna (or Susanna). The literal translation of this word is "white lily". This epithet was often called the Mother of God in the sacred biblical texts.
Lifestyle and nutrition [edit | edit code]
Stalked sea lilies (about 80 species) are sedentary and are found at a depth of 200 to 9700 m.
Stemless (about 540 species), the most diverse in the shallow waters of the tropical seas, often bright and variegated. Approximately 65% of stemless sea lilies live at depths of less than 200 m. In the tropical Pacific Ocean, up to 50 species of them can live on one reef. Stemless lilies are able to detach from the substrate, move along the bottom and float up due to the movement of the hands.
All sea lilies are passive filter feeders that strain out nutrient suspension from the water: protozoa (diatoms, foraminifera), invertebrate larvae, small crustaceans and detritus.
Taste local cuisine
Ah, if you only knew how much I ate in the restaurants of Lille! It would seem that I did not come very hungry, I was well fed on the plane, and in between walks I grabbed either a hot dog or a hamburger.
But when I came to one of the restaurants in Lille, I could not resist. Tasty, aromatic, exquisite.
Lille is a friendly and generous city. As for the local cuisine, the portions here are large (you need to order one portion for two, and there will be many), no one spares time and products to prepare delicious dishes.
Lille's cuisine deserves close and worthy attention. There are only three tables in the city's cuisine: Flemish carbonate (mouth-watering pieces of beef fried in beer), waterza (poultry with sour cream with vegetables), potevleish (jelly of different types of meat in a pot).
You can also enjoy a huge amount of different types of beer: tart, ginger, dark, light.
Finally, I would like to add that Lille is a wonderful, fabulous city. Of course, you can't get around it in one day. Try to find five days and plunge into this amazing atmosphere.
The choice of hotels in the city is rather big, for every taste. Stayed at Au Clos Notre Dame, liked the convenient location in the city center and great reviews on Booking.I did not regret it - the apartments are quiet, there is a kitchen, the Internet works fine.
Cultural influence [edit | edit code]
The fossilized segments of sea lilies - trochites, asterisks and discs with a hole in the center, sometimes connected in columns - have long attracted the attention of people. The English called the polygonal segments of the crinoids in the shape of a star "stone stars" and made various assumptions about their connection with the heavenly bodies. The first written mention of them belongs to the English naturalist John Ray in 1673. In 1677, his compatriot, the naturalist Robert Plitet (1640-1696), admitted that the beads of Saint Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, were made from the segments of these animals. On the coast of Northumberland, these fossils are called "St. Cuthbert's rosary". Sometimes trochites resembling gears are described in the press as "parts of alien machines" created by aliens hundreds of millions of years before the appearance of man [4].
Celebrities
Many famous writers, musicians, statesmen and scientists bore the name Lilia. The meaning of this name gave its owners a special charm. Many people know the Brazilian actress Cabral Lilia, the famous Russian artist Lebedeva Lilia. Lilya Brik (Russian writer, muse of Vladimir Mayakovsky), Lilia Ignatova (athlete from Bulgaria), Lilia Skala (American actress), Lilia Tolmacheva (Soviet actress), Lilia Gritsenko (actress, opera singer), Lilia Gildeeva ( Russian TV presenter and journalist), Lilia Shaulukhova (singer) and many others.
Evolution
It is known that these marine inhabitants lived in the time of the Lower Ordovician. As scientists suggest, their ancestors could be primitive stemmed echinoderms belonging to the class Eocrinoidea.
The era of their greatest prosperity fell on the Middle Paleozoic, when there were more than ten subclasses, which consisted of at least five thousand species. True, most of them became extinct at the end of the Permian period.
As for the subclass Articulata, to which the modern sea lily belongs, it existed even during the Triassic. Fossilized crinoids are considered the most abundant fossils because many limestone strata dating back to the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras are almost entirely composed of them.
The class of sea lilies is subdivided into stalked and stemless. The first of them, especially deep-sea species, are attached to the substrate using a stem, the length of which can be up to two meters. Very often these animals attach themselves once and for all to some kind of underwater object or reef. Archaeologists are aware of fossil species, the stem of which grew up to 20 meters in length.
In contrast to them, the stemless sea lily can start free swimming at any moment, having separated from the surface. The methods of movement of this animal depend on their type: some swim, waving their hands like fins, others crawl along the bottom, and still others walk on short legs, cirrus.
Interesting Facts
Zoologists are intensively studying crinoids. They collected some interesting facts about these animals:
- Ancient representatives of the oceanic fauna, stalked crinoids were discovered less than three centuries ago - in 1765. They were found in the Atlantic Ocean off the island of Martinique and named sea palms.
Sea lilies can live at a depth of about 3 kilometers - In the Pacific Ocean, at a depth of almost 3000 meters, a species was found that reaches only 2 cm in length. It does not have cirrus, it attaches to the surface only due to small roots.
- Stemless Komatulidae move freely along the bottom and in water, keeping the mouth opening up. When scientists tried to turn them over, they immediately returned to their original position.
- Viviparous frixometer also belongs to crinoids.But she differs from them in that she takes care of her offspring. Until the individuals become adults, they are attached by a stem to the mother's pouch. This species lives in Antarctica.
The most important fact is that crinoids are an ancient, magnificent and amazing creation of nature. Those who manage to see these animals once will remember them forever.
Habitat and natural enemies
The class of sea lilies is considered to be quite common. Their representatives can be found both in warm tropical seas and in the cold Antarctic. More than half a thousand species of these animals are known to modern scientists. It is interesting that their appearance practically did not change, they remained similar to their ancestors, who lived 300 million years ago.
The most bitter enemies of lilies are predatory mollusks belonging to the Melanellidae family. They crawl over tender lilies, drilling their skeletal parts with their proboscis and eating soft flesh. Lilies often suffer from small crustaceans that can settle among the cirrus or in the digestive tract.
Professional achievements
The bearer of the name Lilia can be a great inventor if she works as a team. She needs a mentor who can direct her talent in the right direction, and a person who charges everyone with her thirst for activity and a fighting disposition. The girl can become a wonderful employee of the scientific and technical library, as she is able to help anyone find the necessary reference information. Lilia's interests are vast, knowledge is great, she is able to make a career in any field of activity. A woman can be a great artist, progressive designer, or science fiction writer. The name Lily gives her inexhaustible fantasy. Its value can be reflected in the views of its owner. The views of a woman are so unusual that not everyone will be able to appreciate them. But if Lilia finds use of her abilities, then she will be a great success.
Body structure
Sea lilies or crinoids are the most numerous class of crinozoans. Their body consists of a calyx, which houses the internal organs, antennae or stem systems, with which they are attached to all kinds of underwater objects. In addition, the crinoidea has well-developed five arms or arms for collecting edible particles. The calyx has a radially symmetric shape and consists of 2-3 belts of the main and radial plates. From above it is covered by the tegmen (lid), where the ambulacral grooves are located, first passing to the rays, and then to the pinnules.
As mentioned earlier, the internal organs of the crinoids are located in the calyx - the mouth opening is located on the upper side. It leads directly into the digestive tract, which is either one or several bends that resemble a loop. In the posterior interradius there is an opening anus. The digestive tract is located in the secondary cavity of the body and is attached to the walls of the body by mesenteric membranes.
Branched or unbranched rays extend upward from the calyx. Together they form a crown. The ambulacral system is an annular canal located near the digestive tract. From it, 5 radial canals extend into the rays, and along them there are ambulacral pointed legs, which do not have suction discs and ampoules. These peculiar legs perform food-gathering, nervous and respiratory functions.
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Skeleton of sea lilies
The arms of these animals have a well-developed supporting skeleton, which consists of individual vertebrae or brachial plates. The outermost of them are attached directly to the radial plates located on the calyx rim. All skeletal vertebrae are connected to each other by muscles, which add special flexibility to the sea lily and allow it to move relatively freely.
Such articulation of the brachial plates is most noticeable precisely from the outer side of the rays. They represent a fairly wide slanting gap located between the vertebrae. However, such a connection is not observed everywhere - sometimes the brachial plates are held together even without muscles. In this case, the boundaries between them look like thin transverse stripes.
This joint is called syzygial. It allows the sea lily in unfavorable conditions (for example, an attack by enemies, a sharp rise in temperature, a lack of oxygen) without difficulty breaking off its own rays. Scientists have done some research on the behavior of sea lilies in certain situations. Experiments have shown that in about 75-90% of cases, animals break off the rays precisely at the syzygial sutures and very rarely at the muscle joints.
Natural autotomy or hand-breaking in sea lilies is common. Surprisingly, the lost rays are quickly restored. The regenerated hand of a lily for some time can be easily identified by its smaller size and pale color.
Origin of the name
The name Lily in Orthodoxy has a special meaning, because it symbolizes the Virgin Mary. The straight stem of the flower speaks of the sharpness of her mind, the drooping leaves of the plant speak of modesty, the aroma denotes divine belonging, and the snow-white color denotes immaculate purity. In the old days, the so-called newborn heiress so that she grows beautiful, like a flower, and sinless, like the Mother of God. In those days, people believed that a talisman name could save a child from evil spirits and the intrigues of real ill-wishers. The girl, named Lilia, fell under the patronage of the Mother of God and thereby acquired reliable protection.
Lifestyle
In total, there are about 80 species of stalked echinoderm sea lilies. These unusual creatures prefer a sedentary lifestyle. You can meet them at different depths - from 200 to more than 9,000 meters.
Stemless crinoids, and there are at least 540 species, are found most often in the shallow waters of the tropical seas. They are bright and very variegated in color. About 65% of stemless lilies live at a depth of no more than 200 meters. As mentioned above, these creatures are able to detach from the substrate and move not only along the bottom, but also float up, waving their arms.
Lily character
Having matured, a woman with such a name begins to use her charm with might and main. The character of the name Lilia reveals its owner as a very bright and extraordinary person. Especially men will admire her, everyone wants to see her as their companion. Over the years, Lilia's self-esteem will begin to undergo various tests, and she will learn to be resourceful, resourceful and flexible. A woman will achieve her goal by any means, using all her charm.
Lilia's formula for success is very simple. The owner of this name is driven by an interest in everything around, and an extraordinary mind and good memory allow you to quickly understand what is happening. Life, family, money, work are not decisive for her.Lilia is always striving to be imbued with new impressions and knowledge. She certainly needs to become successful, otherwise she will begin to envy other people's achievements. The woman is very sensitive and quickly offended. She is temperamental and appreciates stability, so she has many habits that she cannot get rid of for many years. It is very important for lilies to find themselves and realize themselves in the chosen field.
Food
Nearly all shallow sea lily species prefer to feed at night. During the day they hide among reefs and under rocks. Almost all crinoids are passive filter feeders that strain the nutrient suspension from the water. Like a starfish, the lily feeds on small crustaceans, invertebrate larvae, detritus, and protozoa such as foraminifera (single-celled cancers) and diatoms.
Compared to other echinoderms, the way they feed appears to be rather primitive. A lily with a loose corolla forms a whole network that serves to trap detritus and plankton. On the inside of the hands are ambulacral ciliary grooves that lead to the mouth. They are equipped with glandular cells that secrete mucus, which envelops the particles caught in the water and turns them into food lumps. Through the grooves, all the food obtained in the water enters the oral opening. The amount of food depends on the branching of the rays and their length.
Crinoids from ancient Greek are translated as "similar to lilies". These ocean dwellers are otherwise called sea lilies. They resemble a flower in shape and are unique in their bright colors. Crinoids are not plants, but animals that live well with corals and algae. Attaching to rocks and reefs, they can live in reservoirs, being their original decoration. The most important thing is to maintain the required water salinity.
Crinoids belong to the class of echinoderms (a type of marine animal)
What is this city famous for?
Lille has conquered many people with its markets, especially the September Braderi market, where you can buy everything from food to paintings and technology. There is also a Christmas market.
The modern district of the city of Euralille, built relatively recently, is famous, and it is visited not only by city residents, but also by guests from all over the world. Even I visited it.
Do you know what feature this city has? You will never ride Segways as freely as here! I did a couple of laps on two-wheeled platforms with a high rudder. It's a Chinese novelty, as always. For half an hour of skiing, I paid 4 euros. And if you take a Segway for half a day, then you have to fork out for 14 euros. If for a full one - then 20 euros.
Segways in France can be ridden on the Champ de Mars, there are also rentals at the Flemish station. Before you start riding, you go through the instructions, and then you are given a permit, which allows you to ride freely on such wonderful cars throughout France.
Appearance and description
The habitat of sea lilies is the ocean. Possessing external splendor, these aquatic inhabitants feed on all living things - plankton, small crustaceans. Like sea urchins and stars, they belong to the class of echinoderms. All of their types are characterized by:
- The structure is in the form of a five-ray symmetry of the body.
- The ability to live at any depth.
- The body has a cup with rays emanating from it. With the help of the cup, the animal is attached to any surface, and the rays filter out all living things in the water and place it in the mouth, which is located in the center of the cup. Also, with the help of smooth movements, the animal moves in the water. In total, the crinoid has five rays up to 1 meter long. Processes can branch off from them. The rays have a skeleton and well-developed muscles, which helps them to be flexible and mobile.
Crinoids have the ability to quickly regenerate broken beams.
Pollination and reproduction
First of all, the lily strikes with an unusual flower shape. And this attracts not only humans, but also insects. Certain types of lilies are pollinated by butterflies. Each petal has a nectar groove. Only a very long proboscis can penetrate it - exactly the same as that of butterflies. A fallback option for pollination of lilies is the wind. Even with a slight breath, pollen ends up on the stigma of the pistil, after which pollination occurs. When the plant is lonely, this is the only way to survive. But for the development of the species as a whole, cross-pollination is very important, it is not for nothing that the lily has a whole pantry of pollen. There is so much of it on the stamens that sometimes it is difficult to smell the flower and at the same time not leave yellow marks on the face. The pollinating insect also gets dirty in the pollen and transfers it to the flower of a neighboring plant. Lily reproduces not only by seeds alone, although this method is most developed.
This plant also has vegetative propagation with the help of bulbs - air bulbs that form in the axils of the leaves.
It is a great replacement for flowers. The bulbs ripen, fall off, germinate well, take root and give a full-fledged plant. However, in order for them to set, the buds must be cut off before flowering.
History of development
Appearing 488 million years ago, crinoids populated the ocean. The Paleozoic period is considered their golden age. At that time, there were about 5,000 species of sea lilies, many of which have not survived to this day. Only species that appeared on the planet 250 million years ago have survived to this day. The crinoids have enemies. Predatory mollusks love to feast on the soft flesh of the calyx, drilling it with proboscis. Small crustaceans also harm crinoids by settling among cirrus or in the digestive system. There are 2 classes of sea lilies:
Thus, the lifestyle of sea lilies can be both active and passive.
Lily's childhood
What is the character of Lilia? The origin of the name obliges its owner to be always flawless and perfect. However, in real life, things are not so simple. Lily really grows up as a very sweet and gentle girl. She is very curious from birth, grasps everything on the fly and is in constant creative search. However, spoiled by everyone's attention and admiration, Lily can grow up to be a spoiled and selfish person. This can be avoided if the girl's parents try to instill in her important spiritual qualities: generosity, kindness, compassion and sincerity.
Lifestyle
Nowadays, there are about 700 species of crinoids. All of them lead a sedentary lifestyle at different depths and periodically move. Feeding is carried out at night, and in the daytime crinoids are camouflaged in reefs and under rocks.
Crinoids feed on algae, larvae of small crayfish, molluscs, thereby being a kind of filter feeders
With their rays, these animals catch small animals in the water. The grooves on the inner side of the rays have glandular cells, from which mucus is secreted. Everything caught from the water is enveloped in mucus and turns into lumps of food.... How much food per day will the sea lily catch and eat, depends on its size and length of the rays.
What attractions are worth seeing in Lille?
When I arrived from Spain to Lille, I was immediately struck by the atmosphere of the city: friendly people, half of the people generally wore colorful clothes, with a smile on their lips. For some reason, only here there was an atmosphere of calmness, no one was in a hurry, as can be seen in other European countries, where no one sees except business and money.
From this wonderful atmosphere I even got sick of smoking, and I went for a walk around the unfamiliar city of Lille, the sights that I began to come across already at the first step.
The Grand Place, which is named after the famous French figure Charles de Gaulle
In the center of Lille is the famous Grand Place, which is named after the famous French figure Charles de Gaulle. Here, in the center, stands a tall statue of one goddess, which symbolizes the heroism of the inhabitants of the city during the unstable situation in 1792.
The landmark of the city is the house where the famous Charles de Gaulle was born. Today this house houses a museum. But I didn’t go to the museum, because I don’t like all these boring things. Let's go further.
From the central square I walked and walked and suddenly found myself in the quarters of ancient Lille, where in the newly restored quarters you can see expensive boutiques and shops today.
For people interested in history, ancient culture and the spiritual world of cities, there is one Museum of Fine Arts. This is the second of the leading museums after the Louvre in terms of size and wealth of all the masterpieces of European painting, ancient monuments, sculpture and ceramics. The Lille map has a lot of museums and historical centers.
The museum has paintings by famous artists - Rubens, Botticelli, Goya, Veronese. So you can safely walk around, admire the paintings and enjoy real creativity.
When I stopped at the Paris Gate, I immediately understood why they are so famous.
The building was built a long time ago, before you were born, on the day of the victory of Louis 14th and the return of Lille.
On the right side there is a statue of Hercules, which is a symbol of stability and reliability, and on the left - a statue of Mars - the magnificent and famous God of War.
I even took a picture against the background of the gate and moved on.
Breeding features
Crinoids are dioecious. The breeding features of sea lilies are that males release sperm and females release eggs for fertilization... The eggs released by the female are fertilized directly in the water. They then turn into barrel-shaped larvae. New individuals appear within 2-3 days. Sitting on the ground, they are fixed in it, grow, lengthen and change. Over time, a calyx, an oral cavity and a stalk appear on them.
Sea lilies in 2-3 days are able to produce new offspring
Stem and stemless representatives of the class develop in different ways. In stemless ones, the formed calyx breaks off from the stem in a month and a half and swims to conquer the oceanic expanses. In pedunculated representatives, the stem eventually stretches in length and becomes overgrown with cirri.
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Lily's personal life
The owner of this name does not like to do housework. Her husband will have to take on household problems, but he will be so fascinated by his wife that family responsibilities will not become a burden to him. Lilia is an ideal companion for family members who are engaged in study or research. Sometimes in the character of this woman, imperiousness can appear, and then she will direct all her abilities to moving up the career ladder.
In communication, Lilia is very selective and seeks to maintain relationships only with the right people. It is better for her parents to teach the baby from childhood to show compassion and responsiveness to others. Lily is constantly cheating, and people may eventually stop trusting her. In this case, the woman runs the risk of being left alone over the years. Therefore, the owner of this name needs to learn how to give warmth, true love and kindness to people. She learns quickly, and the skills instilled from childhood will remain with her forever.
Growing lilies in the garden
The plant can be called monogamous, since it is difficult for transplanting, which is why it is better to choose a place for growing right away.
It should be well lit, but closed from possible drafts. To grow lilies, it is necessary to prepare the soil, the soil must be loose, drained, fertile.
In order for the plant to develop well, the planting site must be dug up in advance and fertilized by adding ash, peat, humus, minerals.
Tamp and water well. If we talk about the bulbs of this family, then first you need to find out the individual characteristics of growing, and then choose fresh, even and dense heads about five centimeters in size.
Then, when the planting material was purchased in advance, it needs to be properly stored. A dark room with a container filled with sand or sawdust is suitable for this. Before planting, each head must be checked for integrity.
See also the article on durant.
Asian hybrids
Asian hybrids (The Asiatic Hybrids) come from wild-growing lilies - tiger (L. tigrinum), drooping (L. cernuum), David (L. davidii), Maksimovich (L. maximowiczii), dwarf (L. pumilum), monochrome (L . concolor), etc. In nature, they are found in the vastness of Asia: in Siberia, the Far East, in the temperate regions of China and Japan. The varieties obtained with their participation have inherited the frost resistance of their parents and are the most valuable for the culture on the territory of Russia. Asian hybrids prefer neutral or slightly acidic soils. Mostly unpretentious in culture. The beginning of this remarkable group of varieties was laid in the 18th century, when Russian scientific expeditions sent to explore the vast territories of Siberia and the Far East began to send the first bulbs to the capital. They ended up in the Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg, where they were carefully grown and multiplied. From there, in the exchange of planting material adopted between botanical gardens, they came to Europe.
Tiger lily (L. tigrinum)
Varieties of lily flower
True beauty
The main official symbol of the city is a vivid reminder of the historical past, the richest culture, masterpieces of painting, sculpture and architecture.
The coat of arms of Florence can be assessed from an artistic point of view, the main opinion of art critics is that it is impeccable. This also applies to the selection of colors, and the selected symbols, and their compositional placement.
First, there is an amazing harmony of colors - silver, chosen for the shield, and scarlet, for the main composition. However, scarlet has tones and shades, which makes the image seem three-dimensional, vivid.
Secondly, the coat of arms depicts two graceful lilies that look like a king, their stems, leaves and petals are gracefully curved. These flowers, which are a symbol of the monarchy, are located against the background of the crown, its lateral ends are bent downward. As experts in the field of heraldry explain, this is a kind of symbol of admiration for true beauty.
Forms of the name Lily
Short name forms:
- Lily;
- Leah;
- Leela;
- Lilo;
- Lily;
- Lina.
Diminutive forms:
- Lilechka;
- Lilyunya;
- Lilia;
- Lilochka;
- Lilyusha;
- Lilenka;
- Lillian;
- Lienka;
- Liechka;
- Linusya.
When writing poems about a girl with a name, you can use the following rhymes: Lily - idyll, surname, abundance.
Related names: Lilith, Leila, Liliana, Suzanne. The abbreviated form Leah is used as an independent name.
Photo gallery: name forms
Lily - full form of the name
Lily - the most popular short version of the appeal to Lily
Lily is an abbreviated form of the name, more often used in Europe and the USA
Lilechka - an affectionate version of the appeal to Lily
The church form of the name is Susanna.
The transliteration of the name for the passport is LILIIA.
Table: name variations in different languages
| Language | Is written | Read |
| English | Lily | Lily |
| Chinese | 利利娅 | Lily |
| Korean | 백합 | Beghab |
| Japanese | リ リ ヤ | Riria |
| German, Spanish, Romanian, Polish | Lilia | Lily |
| French | Lili | Lily |
| Italian | Gigliola (Lola) | Gigliola (Lola) |
| Danish, Norwegian | Lilli, Lilly | Lilly |
| Swedish, Icelandic, Finnish | Lilja | Lily |
| Irish | Líle | Lily |
| Scottish | Lillias, Lilias, Lileas | Lillias, Lilias, Liles |
| Arab | շուշան | Shushan |
| Greek | Κρίνος | Crinos |
| Hindi | लिली | Lily |
| Serbian | Љиља, Ljilja | Lily |
| Hungarian | Lili (Lilike) | Lily (to Lilica) |
| Ukrainian | Lilia | Lily |
Middle names that combine with the name
The following middle names are harmoniously combined with the name:
- Alexandrovna;
- Alekseevna;
- Ivanovna;
- Igorevna;
- Robertovna.
Nickname options for social networks
When creating a personal channel on Youtube or Instagram, Lilia can use the following nicknames:
- liliya;
- lili;
- lilia;
- lily;
- lee_lee_ya.
Tubular hybrids
Tubular hybrids (The Trumpet Hybrids) come from the Chinese tubular lilies - Sargent (L. sargentiae), white-flowered (L. leucanthum), regal (L. regale), Brown (L brownii) and yellow Henry lily (L henryi) with turbid flowers forms. Growing in the mountains of China, these species are frost-hardy, undemanding to the soil, but prefer limestone (they can die on acidic soils). The hybrids inherited the listed properties, as well as high resistance to viral and fungal diseases. Depending on the shape of the flower, four subgroups are distinguished among the Tubular hybrids:
- actually tubular (flowers of an ideal tubular shape);
- cupped;
- with drooping flowers;
- Sunburst (star-flowered hybrids).
Lily Sargent (L. sargentiae)
What pests and diseases are terrible for lilies?
If the crop is well cared for, the likelihood of attack by pests and diseases is minimized. However, sometimes the plant is still sick. The most common disease is red rot. It usually develops in cold and humid conditions. To save the bulbs, the affected areas are cut off and treated with fungicides. Sometimes activated carbon is also used. For the next 3 days, the flower is not watered.
Sometimes the culture is affected by fungal infections. These include rust, fusarium and gray rot. To get rid of the disease, the bulbs are etched with special agents - fungicides before planting. The drugs Euporen, Fundazol, Topsin and Bavistin have proven themselves especially well. They are sprayed with lilies during the growing season.
Among the most common parasites, it is worth highlighting the mealybug, spider mite and scale insect. For pest control, special means are used - insecticides. But it is better to carry out prophylaxis and avoid increased dryness of the air.
The root mite also causes considerable damage. For protection and prevention, it is important to use only healthy material for planting, pickle the bulbs with karbofos before planting. The onion beetle can be controlled by timely harvesting of weeds and gathering beetles. Treatment with chlorophos is also effective.
Excess or deficiency of moisture immediately affects the leaves. They wither. The flowers darken from the cold. And if the plant is exposed to a very hot sun, the inflorescences turn pale. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor the condition of the lily, to properly care for and take preventive measures. Then the flower will delight with its beauty and health.
Cooking applications
In cooking, lily flowers have found application in decorating desserts. Lilly falls into the edible flower category. Flowers are often used in oriental cuisine, they are served candied as an original sweetness.
There is a recipe for a very tasty delicacy made from the bulbs and flowers of this plant. Pour 50 grams of chopped onions with warm water. Chopped ginger is poured with hot water and infused for 10 minutes, then mixed with milk, salted. The mixture is brought to a boil and combined with lily gruel. Then reduce the heat and cook until thickened, after which the dish is covered with a lid and insisted for another 20 minutes. The dish is served with bee honey and lily flowers.
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The question of feeding
It is necessary to feed lilies 2-3 times per summer.The very first feeding is carried out when the sprouts come out of the ground, with a solution of calcium nitrate. The next top dressing should be done from 1 to 15 August. For her you will need:
- potassium sulfate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water);
- superphosphate, which has passed a hot extract (10 liters of boiling water, 10 tablespoons of superphosphate, insist for a day, dilute the resulting concentrate in a proportion of 1 liter per 10 liters of water).
Eucharis also responds well to purchased organic fertilizers.
Main varieties
More than ten species of Eucharis are currently known. Some of them are quite popular in home gardening.
| View | Latin name | Bulb | Leaves | Peduncle | Bloom |
| White | Euchariscandida | Egg-shaped, 50 mm in diameter | Wide elliptical shape, 25-40 cm long, 10-14 cm wide | Brownish green with 6-10 flowers | In winter and March. The flowers are white, fragrant |
| Large-flowered | Eucharisgrandiflora | Round shape, 50 mm in diameter | Wide oval shape, up to 30 cm long and 12-16 cm wide | Rounded shape, with 3-6 flowers | In winter, in May and August. The flowers are white, large |
| Masterza | Eucharismastersii | Egg-shaped, 50 mm in diameter | Wide oval shape, 25 cm long, 14 cm wide | Round shape, umbrella type | In March |
| Sander | Eucharissanderi | Egg-shaped, 50 mm in diameter | Wide oval shape, 20-30 cm long and 12-17 cm wide | Rounded, with 2-3 flowers. | February to April |
| Toothless | Eucharissubdentata | Elongated shape, diameter 50 mm | Triangular-oblong shape, up to 15–20 cm long, 8–11 cm wide | Rounded, with 6–8 flowers. | The flowers are white, with pedicels 2.5–2.7 cm long |
Hybrids of unknown origin
They were not included in any of the previous groups of lilies.
The group of American hybrids began in 1871, when the leopard lily, discovered in 1848, was introduced into the culture. This species remains the most popular and widespread of all American lilies to this day.
In Europe, Japanese lilies appeared relatively late - in the 19th century. The pioneers were lilies - beautiful and golden. The first bulbs were brought to Belgium in 1829 and to England in 1869. The plants that grew out of them were wildly successful, but quickly died from viral diseases. From the middle of the 19th century, breeders began to work on obtaining disease resistant varieties, laying the foundation for a group of Oriental hybrids.
Royal lily was discovered in 1903 in the mountains of the Chinese province of Sichuan by the English botanist E. Wilson. The bulbs brought to England bloomed in 1905, and in the 1920s the first hybrids with the participation of this species were obtained.
Another type of classification of lilies - by ecological origin is presented in the article "Classification of lilies."
Growing garden culture
Lily prefers to grow in the same place, which must be well lit and protected from drafts and strong winds. To grow this crop, you will also have to properly prepare the soil, because it is considered very moody in this regard. The ideal solution is well-drained, fertile and loose soil.
Choosing a place for transplanting irises in autumn and spring
Before planting a flower, you need to dig up the upper earthen layer in advance, and then add humus, peat, wood ash and a small amount of mineral dressing to it. Then the soil must be compacted and watered abundantly.
Before buying lily bulbs, you need to decide on their varietal affiliation, since the effectiveness of planting and cultivation largely depends on this. The seed should have a fleshy and completely healthy appearance. The length of the bulbs should not be less than 5 cm. For storage, use sawdust or sand. Bulb containers should be placed in a dark and closed room. Storage in a refrigerator, in a vegetable box is also acceptable, however, in this situation, you do not need to open the package.
Before planting, the bulbs should be carefully examined for the presence of dead roots, rot spots and dried scales, which should be removed if necessary. To avoid problems, it is better to purchase seed material from trusted suppliers.
American hybrids
American hybrids (The American Hybrids) come from lilies - leopard (L. radalinum), Bolander (L. bolanderi), Parry (L. parryi), Kellogg (L. kelloggii), Canadian (L. canadense), Colombian (L. columbianum), etc., growing in North America. They are distributed mainly in the mountains of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Accustomed to mild winters and dry hot summers. They require slightly acidic soil and good drainage, they do not like transplanting. In the conditions of central Russia, they are quite resistant to frost.
Leopard lily (L. radalinum)
Lilies and their legend
Irina Vyacheslavovna Mozzhelina
Lilies and their legend
Flora princess - lilies
Lily legends - many stories, myths and legends... Long since people worshiped lilies as one of the most beautiful creatures on earth. Even the wish for well-being sounded like this: “May your path be strewn with roses and lilies". A symbol of hope in Ancient Greece, peace and purity in Russia, and in France, these flowers meant mercy, compassion and justice.
Although lilies there are different shades, but it is the white colors that are given a special symbolic meaning. White lily - symbolizes innocence and for a long time personifies purity and purity. Not by chance lilies - flowers of brides... And the very name of the flower in translation from ancient Greek means "white-white".
The Greeks attribute to her a divine origin. They believed that white lily - a symbol of innocence and purity grew from the milk of the mother of the gods - Hera (Juno, who found the baby of Theban queen Hercules hidden from her jealous gaze and, knowing the divine origin of the baby, wanted to give him milk. But the boy, sensing his enemy in her, bit and pushed away her, and milk spilled over the sky, forming the Milky Way. A few drops fell on the ground and turned into lilies.
But much earlier than the Greeks, lily was known to the ancient Persians, who even called their capital Susa, which means "city lily". Played a significant role lily among the Romans, especially in their flower festivities dedicated to the goddess of spring - Flora. Spaniards and Italians, as well as other Catholic lands lily considered the flower of the Blessed Virgin, and the image of the Mother of God is surrounded by a garland of these flowers. In wreaths of lily girls go to these countries for the first time to Holy Communion.
But nowhere lily did not have such historical significance as in France, where the names of the founder of the French monarchy Clovis, kings Louis VII, Philip III, Francis I are associated with it. lilies on the banner of the French kings, as an emblem of royal power. Fleur-de-lis (French fleur de lys or fleur de lis, literally “flower lilies", or lily, or royal lily) Is an emblem figure, the fourth most popular among natural heraldic symbols after the cross, eagle and lion. France was called a kingdom lilyand the French king is the king lily.
According to legend, King Clovis defeated with the help lilies of the enemies of christianity... Clovis took as his emblem lily afterlike water lilies in the Rhine they told him a safe place where he could wade the river, thanks to which he won the battle. Louis VII chose lily with its emblem... Three lilies flaunted on the banners of Saint Louis IX during the crusades and denoted the three virtues: mercy, compassion and justice.
The French king Charles VII, wishing to honor the memory of Jeanne d'Arc, finds nothing higher and noble than to elevate her family to the nobility under the surname Lilievs and give them the coat of armsrepresenting a sword on a blue field with two lilies on the sides and a wreath of lily upstairs... Under Louis XII lily becomes the main decoration of all gardens in France and is called the flower of Louis.
Lily generally enjoyed great love in France.This flower was considered from time immemorial an expression of the highest degree of benevolence and respect, and therefore in aristocratic families it was customary for the groom to send his bride every morning, right up to the wedding itself, a bouquet of fresh flowers, among which there should certainly be several white lily... I wonder what is white lily in the middle ages, which served as a reminder of eternity, during the Renaissance became a symbol of licentiousness, the brand on the shoulder of the representatives of the oldest profession reminded lily.
In ancient Germanic mythology, the thunder god Thor was always depicted holding a lightning bolt in his right hand, and the scepter crowned lily, in the left. She also adorned the brow of the ancient inhabitants of Pomerania during the festivities in honor of the goddess of spring, and her fragrant corolla served in the Germanic fairytale world as a magic wand for Oberon and the home of little fairy creatures - elves.
According to these legends, each lily had her elfwho was born with her and died with her. The corollas of these flowers served these tiny creatures, bells, and by shaking them, they summoned their pious fellows to prayer. Prayer meetings usually took place in the late evening hour, when everything in the gardens calmed down and fell into deep sleep. Then one of the elves ran to the floppy stalk lilies and began to swing it. Bells lily they called and woke the sweetly sleeping elves with their silvery ringing. Tiny creatures woke up, crawled out of their soft beds and silently with importance went to the corollas lily, which served them at the same time as chapels. Here they bowed their knees, piously folded their hands and thanked the Creator in fervent prayer for the blessings bestowed upon them. After praying, they hurried back to their flower cradles just as silently, and soon fell into a deep, carefree sleep again.
In Germany since lily many legends about the afterlife are connected. She serves as a testimony to the Germans' devotion. And the ancient Jews had a flower lilies enjoyed great love and purity. According to Jewish legends, this flower grew during the temptation of Eve by the devil and could be defiled by it, but no dirty hand dared to touch it. Therefore, the Jews decorated the sacred altars with them, the capitals of the columns of the Temple of Solomon.
During the construction of the Temple of Solomon, the great Tyrian architect gave a graceful form lilies wonderful capitals of huge columns, and also decorated with images lilies its walls and ceiling, sharing the opinion with the Jews that this flower with its beauty will help to strengthen the prayer mood among those praying in the temple.
About red lilies tellthat she changed color on the night before Christ's suffering on the cross. When the Savior passed through the Garden of Gethsemane, all the flowers bowed their heads in front of him as a sign of compassion and sorrow, except lilieswho wanted him to enjoy her beauty. But when the suffering gaze fell on her, the blush of shame for her pride in comparison with his humility spread over her petals and remained forever.
Lily it is also found among the Egyptians, in whom her image now and then comes across in hieroglyphs and denotes either the short duration of life, then freedom and hope. In addition, white liliesapparently adorned the bodies of deceased young Egyptian girls. A similar lily was found on the chest of a mummy of a young Egyptian woman, now kept in the Louvre Museum in Paris. From the same flower, the Egyptians prepared the fragrant oil famous in antiquity - suzinon, which is described in detail by Hippocrates in his treatise On the Nature of Woman.
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Description and varieties
Lilies are bulbous flowers, belong to the Liliaceae family. Their stems are erect, the height ranges from 60-185 cm. Rounded bulbs can be scaly or bare. Their structure consists of several teeth that fit snugly around each other.The depth of the bulb depends on the plant variety. The root system departs from the bottom, which looks like a highly developed white bundle.
Terry lilies
On the stem are sessile leaves, which are lanceolate. Their width can be in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and their length is no more than 20 cm.
On a note! There are varieties in which air bulbs form in the leaf sinuses. They are often used for reproduction.
Flowers can be arranged singly, and can be collected in 3-40 pieces in an umbrella inflorescence. The funnel-shaped perianth is composed of 6 parts. The color of the peduncles can be varied: from white or yellow to brindle.
The lily fruit is a box. Seeds of triangular shape are small (up to 5 mm). They are also lightweight, which facilitates their spread over long distances.
Today more than 30 species of lilies are known. When classifying them, different criteria are used: what do lilies look like, where do lilies grow, etc.
According to the shape of the flower of garden plants, they are divided into the following types:
- cupped;
- funnel-like;
- with elongated petals.
Lily
More than 10 thousand varieties of lilies are combined into 7 hybrid groups:
- Asian.
- Curly.
- Snow white.
- American.
- Long-flowered.
- Tubular.
- Eastern.
There are varieties adapted for indoor cultivation as well as outdoor cultivation.
Plant varieties
At all times, these flowers have attracted florists, because you can admire them as much as you like. There are many species that differ from each other in color, shape and vitality. The most common are the following:
- Asian... Differs in a small white onion, high frost resistance and endurance. Its wide popularity is due to its unpretentiousness to growing conditions. The height of these plants reaches 50-60 cm, but there are also higher specimens. Asiatic lily flowers can have several shades at once, so it is impossible to give a specific description of this plant.
- Curly hybrids (Martagon)... The turbid flowers of these lilies are very delicate. They are distinguished by their durability and excellent appearance, resistance to decay, viruses. But in the Russian climate, they grow up quite rarely.
- Candidium hybrids... This plant is the result of crossing chalcedony and snow-white lilies. Candidum has tubular or funnel-shaped flowers, a delicate aroma and a predominantly yellow color with different shades.
- American subspecies... Consists of one and a half hundred varieties with different colors and shapes of flowers. Prefers good moisture and low acidity soil. Doesn't like transplanting. Blooms in July.
- Long-flowered varieties... Light colors prevail. They require warmth and shelter for the winter. Quite vulnerable to viruses and diseases. These plants are often grown at home.
- Tubular hybrid lilies... The result of breeding Asian varieties. In comparison with its "brethren" it tolerates cold and diseases quite well, including fungal ones. They bloom for about 2-3 months, so they are often grown in gardens.
You can talk endlessly about the appearance and varieties of lilies. In addition to the species mentioned above, new varieties are increasingly appearing today. Breeders work tirelessly to breed them.
Business and career
The name Lilia, which means a business woman, in case of choosing a career, devotes herself entirely to her. Since she is used to completely devoting herself to work, with all her desire she will not have time for her family and herself.
In the business sphere, she can become a real professional in her own business and the sphere in which she will realize herself does not matter. Lilya is the girl who is used to doing everything perfectly and approaching the process thoroughly. Therefore, high achievements can await her in her career.If there is a person nearby who gives her the support she needs and guides her, then she will reach maximum heights.
In her work, she is helped by such qualities as scrupulousness, discipline, initiative, she is interested in many things. And such qualities are always appreciated by the leadership.
In the depths of history
Royal lilies are a symbol, first of all, of the Frankish court, representatives of the French royal dynasties. The image of flowers was present in various heraldic signs and coats of arms of representatives of the nobility.
Historians hint that, thanks to the French king Louis XI, the lily flower first adorned the coat of arms of the Medici family, some of which more than once acted as rulers of Florence. Therefore, it is not surprising that the lily "grew" on the official symbol of this city.
The use of hybrid lilies in landscape design
Most often they are used to create group plantings, decorate green perennial shrubs, are placed around the perimeter of the sites and along the paths.
Lily will become a decoration of any suburban area or garden
When decorating the garden, some nuances are taken into account.:
- to create a border and framing the array of lilies, miniature plant varieties are used;
- follows in advance think over the color combination of varietiesplanted in one composition;
- most often lilies combine with delphiniums, roses, phlox and peonies.
Also, lilies are often planted in tubs or pots and used to decorate a terrace, gazebo or balcony.
Lily is an extraordinarily beautiful flower with a rich history. It can be grown both in the garden and at home., while creating unique compositions.
Long-flowered hybrids
Long-flowered hybrids (The Longiflorum Hybrids) are obtained as a result of hybridization of lilies - long-flowered (L. longiflorum), Formosan (L. formosanum), etc. These species are naturally found in warm regions of East Asia. Their hybrids are also thermophilic. In the conditions of central Russia, they are recommended for forcing and potting.
Long-flowered lily (L. longiflorum)
Eucharis transplant
The Amazonian lily blooms only if the cultivation technology is observed. It is recommended to transplant the plant no more than once every 3-4 years, while adhering to the following rules:
- the event is held in March, at the dormant stage of the flower;
- the soil lump is gently loosened, and the root system is straightened;
- the bulbs are buried a couple of centimeters, after which the soil is carefully tamped;
- the planting substrate is prepared from leafy soil, compost and coarse sand;
- for a beautiful, lush flowering, use a wide planting container with drainage holes;
- as drainage, expanded clay or special crumbs are poured into the bottom of the flower pot;
- 3-5 plant bulbs are planted in a flower pot, pretreated with a solution of potassium permanganate.
After planting, the correct irrigation regime is very important, since it is necessary to minimize the risk of damage to the bulbs by rot as a result of waterlogging. For irrigation, use room temperature water.
