What plum fruits belong to - berries or fruits

Is plum a berry or a fruit? Plum: cultivation features, types and reviews

The abundance of fruits and vegetables, berries and overseas fruits on the shelves today is simply incredible. Until recently, only apples were on sale in winter (well, perhaps, with the exception of supermarkets in the capital), now the situation has changed radically. However, we were interested in one remarkable fact. Many of us confuse the classification of fruits and berries. You don't have to go far: not everyone knows that a watermelon is a berry, and a banana is a herb of the family of cereals. However, today we want to talk not about exoticism, but about our usual garden gifts. Here is a plum - is it a berry or a fruit? Many will choose the first answer and will be wrong. Why, let's figure it out together.

Reason - definitions wording

So, since it is customary to call a plum tree a fruit tree, it is logical to assume that its fruits are fruits. However, this is not all. According to the botanical definition, a fruit is the fruit of a plant. That is, the concept is quite broad. Berries are also called multi-seeded fruits. That is, berries also belong to fruits and are one of the subsections of this class.

Then the plum is a berry or a fruit? It is not clear yet. The berries should have many seeds, and when cutting the plum, we see one large bone. Proceeding from this, and also from the fact that it is the fruit of a tree, we answer that the plum is a fruit. Scientifically, the fruit of the plum is called drupe.

What are the fruits?

The term “fruit” came from the Latin language to Russian long ago, but it did not take root in scientific use. But in medicine, dietetics, cooking and in everyday life this word is very popular, although not everyone can interpret it correctly. What is the difference between a fruit and a berry? Plum belongs to which of these two groups?

It is generally accepted that the fruit is the same as the fruit, because this is how the word fructus is translated from Latin. Other edible parts of plants, and the plants themselves, may also belong to such economic groups as vegetables, cereals, and nuts. Among fruits, two groups of juicy fruits are distinguished: drupes and berries. They differ in the number of seeds and a number of other characteristics.

Let's figure it out thoroughly: a plum is actually a fruit or a berry. A distinction should be made between scientific terms and economic definitions. The types of plant fruits in botany differ in the consistency of the pericarp and the number of seeds. There are 4 main groups - dry and juicy, single-seeded and multi-seeded.

Drupes - plums, cherries, apricots - are juicy and contain one seed. Berries are also juicy, but multi-seeded fruits. They arise from one or more carpels. Distinguish between completely fleshy berries with a thin skin, like grapes, and leathery berries, in which the pericarp is thick, like an orange. So after all, is a plum a berry or a fruit? The second concept is broader and includes the first, that is, berries are a type of fruit (fruit).

Representatives of botanical science, without hesitation, will determine: a plum is a berry or a fruit. Seeing the juicy fruits of plums and grapes, they will say that they have a drupe and a berry in front of them. A nutritionist, a salesperson, an ordinary person will explain that both are fruits. Everyone will be right in their reasoning and conclusions. Thus, the plum is not a berry. It should be recalled here that berries can also be ranked as fruits, which in economic activities, everyday life is not considered a mistake.After all, all these are fruits (lat. Fructus).

People's household definitions

Not everyone turns to botanical reference books to find out: is a plum a berry or a fruit? Most often, the distinction is made in a much simpler way. Fruit is popularly considered to be large fruits growing on a tree. The berries include smaller treats with a more tender pulp. And by this definition, cherries and plums are berries or fruits? It seems to be berries, but it would be more correct to call them stone fruits. Unexpected, right? In fact, there will be no big trouble in calling a cherry a berry, but still a literate person should know the exact definitions.

How to determine the type of fruit in a plum?

Plum has the characteristics of a berry and drupes include cherries, apricots, peaches and plums. But the berries are already multi-seeded fruits. And they arise from one carpel.

But berries can also be divided into two subtypes:

• - with a thin skin, such as grapes;
• - with a thick pericarp.

The scientific director of the botanical center will easily answer the main question of the article, and say that the plum is a drupe. And an ordinary person would call a plum a fruit. But in any case, everyone will tell the truth. But plum is not a berry. And although berries are considered fruits, in everyday life this will not be considered a mistake. All the same - translated from Latin, these are all fruits.

Citrus fruits are another mystery

We went so deep into our research that we just couldn't stop. Indeed, if we consider as a berry all the fruits that have juicy pulp and seeds under the peel, then are citrus fruits also berries? Yes, botany holds many secrets. Let's try to figure it out: are lemon and plum fruits or berries? The issue about the drain has already been closed, now it remains to deal with the best assistant during the SARS epidemic.

First of all, it should be noted that lemon is the fruit of a citrus (fruit) tree. There are bones under the skin that can sprout and form new trees. That is, the lemon is a fruit.

We have dealt with the most interesting, in our opinion, questions. In fact, all fruits and berries (pears, plums, apples, raspberries, strawberries, quince, cherries and others) are extremely important food items and should be on the table every day. Moreover, confusion with definitions arises only when we talk about stone fruits, melons and citrus crops. All the rest can easily classify even small children. Gardeners know that all stone fruits are relatives and can be used as rootstocks for each other.

Now we can definitely answer the question: is a plum, an apricot a berry or a fruit?

Memo for the gardener

Since we started our conversation with a plum, we want to dwell a little more on this plant and tell gardeners about the rules for planting, growing and caring for this fruit tree.

Plum is a fruit tree. Does not occur in the wild. Was obtained from crossing blackthorn and cherry plum. Fruit trees are grown everywhere, they are fast growing and have good adaptability.

Planting and leaving

Fruit trees can be planted both in spring and autumn. Planting pits are prepared in advance, the optimum depth is 60 cm. The removed soil is mixed with humus and this mixture is poured into the pit. A seedling is placed in the middle. The most important thing is not to deepen the root collar. The planted tree is watered and mulched abundantly. A layer of peat and compost will be enough; strong fertilizers can burn the roots.

For the first two to three years, the required amount of nutrients is retained in the soil. Starting from the fourth year, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied to the trunk circle. In early spring, nitrogen fertilization is used to stimulate growth. From the second half of the growing season, nitrogen-potassium and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied.Do not forget to set up props during the fruiting period, as the branches can easily break under the weight of the fruit.

Popular varieties

When choosing a plum, you need to be guided not only by the size of future fruits. Gardeners should first of all pay attention to winter hardiness. Thorn tolerates frost well. His bush is medium in size. There are small-fruited and large-fruited thorns. The second is a very interesting member of his family. Its yield is excellent - up to 15 kg from one bush. According to gardeners, this is the best option for the northern regions.

Tatar yellow - this is also one of the most unpretentious varieties of plum with an average ripening period. Bushes grow up to three meters high, with a spreading crown. The plant blooms late, which avoids spring frosts. Fruits of medium size, amber color, with a sweet taste.

Often in suburban areas you can find the Sineglazka plum. This is a medium-ripening variety, the bushes are medium-sized, with a wide crown. Winter hardiness and productivity are very high than the variety and attracts the attention of gardeners. The taste of the fruits is sweet and sour, they are suitable for fresh consumption and for processing. This variety is very much loved by gardeners for the fact that it practically does not produce overgrowth.

Sweet and large

Giant

The name is fully justified by the peculiarities of the species. Fruits in weight reach 110 g, can have both purple and yellow, red tint. The taste is sweet, but not cloying, the flesh is tender. Begins to bear fruit as early as 2-3 years after planting seedlings.

The breed does not differ in winter hardiness and requires careful care, since both fungal diseases and damage to the plant by pests are possible. But all the investment of labor pays off with a bountiful harvest of excellent fruits that can be eaten raw and used for canning.

Kyrgyz excellent

The fruits of this variety are dark red or purple in color, sweetness and large size - 60-100 g. The trees are winter-hardy, give a bountiful harvest, bear fruit in July-August. The plants themselves have an average height, a medium thickened spherical crown.

Ballad

Another sweet variety of plum, however, does not differ in special size - the average mass of fruits of a round shape, red-violet hue is 30-40 g. The stone well departs from the dense, yellow-green pulp. The trees are self-fertile.

Crooman

This variety is medium-ripe. The assortment may include dark red, blue integumentary fruits with a waxy coating. At the same time, the pulp is yellow, sweet, dense, and there is a very small bone in it, which is well separated. This plum variety is resistant to the most common diseases of fruit trees.

Greengage

Very sweet, with hints of honey plum with a dense, juicy pulp. The stone is perfectly separated without any effort, the fruits can be green, blue, yellow, depending on the specific subspecies. The crop is stored for a long time, it is easy to transport. The average fertility of a 10-year-old tree is 25-30 kg. It goes well both as a dessert variety and for processing for conservation.

Plum fruit or berry

Plum is a hybrid of blackthorn and cherry plum, a member of the Pink family, which does not occur in the wild. In common people, the plum fruit is considered a berry due to its small size. But berries include multi-seeded fruits, such as strawberries or watermelon. The plum has one seed in the center - a drupe surrounded by juicy pulp, which indicates that it belongs to fruits.

Some argue that fruits grow on trees and berries grow on bushes and grass. This is a controversial issue. And there are many exceptions to this “interesting” rule. So, plum tree or shrub? Most often, plums ripen on the tree, but there are also shrub forms.

Morphological characteristics of the family [edit | edit code]

The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite, simple or complex, with stipules.

The flowers are regular, bisexual, rather large.The perianth is double. Androeus consists of a large number of free stamens arranged in several rows: sometimes their number decreases to four - eight - nine. Gynoecium is apocarpous or cenocarpous. The number of carpels is variable and ranges from a large and overdetermined number to one. Each carpel contains two ovules. Inflorescences are cymoid or botryoid. Pollination by insects.

How many calories are in a plum

The fruit is a low-calorie food.

Plum - calorie content per 100 g is 42 kcal. Since 100 g is about 3 pieces, one plum contains only 16 kcal.

There are few calories in plums, but in dried fruits, which lose up to 80% of water, this figure is 225. Dried prunes retain useful components and become not only sweeter, but also very useful.

For 100 g of the product there are:

• proteins - 0.8 g,
• fat - 0.3 g,
• carbohydrates - 9.6 g

The combination of proteins, fats, carbohydrates (BJU) strongly leans in favor of carbohydrates, which give the product its calorie content.

The fruit is introduced into diet diets and fasting days, not only due to its low calorie content. It contributes to:

• quick cleansing of the body;
• the normal course of metabolic processes;
• quenching appetite with light snacks on fruit.

It turns out that the caloric value is associated with many factors: variety, climate, storage conditions. Since fruits of blue, yellow and red colors have distinctive features, then the indicator that excites everyone is different:

• blue plum is a classic or 42 kcal per 100g;
• yellow plum has large and sweet fruits, so the calorie content ranges from 49-51 kcal;
• red plum has a larger pit, but less sweet pulp and its indicator is 47-49 kcal.

Due to the nutritional value, fruit can be used for light snacks or as a substitute for dinner on hot summer evenings.

Plum varieties with photos and descriptions

Home plum varieties are classified according to several characteristics.

1. Food suitability. There are varieties suitable for human consumption, conditionally suitable and decorative.
2. Taste. There are varieties that can only be consumed fresh, some are suitable only for culinary purposes for canning, and there are universal varieties used for both.
3. Ripening time. The ripening period classifies the home plum into early, mid and late ripening varieties.
4. Fruit size, color and yield. There are varieties of red, yellow, green, blue with large or not very fruit, high or low yield.

Red plum

Red varieties of home plums, according to breeders, are suitable for the climate of central Russia. Fruits of this varietal group with a thin and smooth shell have a pleasant sweet and sour taste and red flesh and skin.

In this case, the pollinators must be of the same ripening period.

1. Chinese plum or Red ball has excellent taste and versatility in use. Gardeners love this variety for its short (2.5 m) tree growth and spreading crown, which greatly facilitates harvesting.
2. The early-growing home plum is also of Chinese origin. The yield of the variety is high. The drupe has the shape of an even ball. The pulp is orange and tasty. The fruits are well kept. The tree overwinters easily, is unpretentious and resistant to diseases.
3. General's plum to match the name: large-fruited and with excellent taste. The variety is frost-hardy, grows into a short tree, and one hundred grams of pulp contains the daily requirement of zinc, as well as potassium, manganese and iron.
4. The Japanese home plum has a high degree of decorativeness, which is often used by landscape planners to decorate plots for its ability to grow quickly. Fruit pulp is difficult to separate from the stone. Abundant fruiting.

Chemical composition

Children and adults love fruits for their excellent taste, but the rich chemical composition of plums is not only taste, but also benefits for the body. The fruits contain:

• easily digestible carbohydrates (fructose and glucose);
• organic acids;
• tannins;
• pectins and dietary fiber;
• important vitamins of group B, E, C, A, PP;
• a large set of mineral components;
• the necessary trace elements.

Since the fruit is juicy, the water content is close to 90%. The vitamins in the plum are not destroyed during storage and processing, but some of them are lost during thermal exposure.

Plum fruits will be beneficial when combined with cereals, fermented milk products, honey, apples. It is undesirable to use it on an empty stomach and in combination with milk.

Economic value and application

Homemade plum fruits contain vitamins (in dark fruits), B1, B2, and necessary elements: potassium, phosphorus (the content of which is higher than in apples and pears), calcium, magnesium, iron. The sugar content (depending on the variety and growing conditions) ranges from 9 to 17% (fructose, glucose and sucrose). Plum fruits also contain organic acids (malic and citric, as well as oxalic and traces of salicylic), pectin, tannins, and nitrogenous substances.

Dried plums are called prunes and are classified as dried fruits.

Late spring honey plant, during flowering gives honey bees up to 10 kg of honey per hectare of plantations [6].

Non-drying oil for the medical industry is obtained from the seeds of the home plum. The pulp of the fruit is part of the drug "Kafiol" [7].

Plum trees are valued as ornamental and are used for landscaping. Notable in color.

Useful properties of plums

Let's find out how the plum is useful for the body and why traditional medicine does not forget about it:

1. Dried plums and juices with pulp are useful if a child or adult suffers from constipation.
2. Prunes remove "harmful" cholesterol from the body.
3. It has a diuretic effect, ridding the body of excess salts.
4. Able to heal wounds on which pulp lotions are applied.
5. Black plum during cold season helps to strengthen the immune system.
6. It is useful for gastritis with low acidity, as it contains organic acids.
7. Participates in protein metabolism to build cells and tissues of the body.
8. Helps to slightly lower blood pressure for hypertensive patients.
9. It is useful for anemia as it contains iron.
10. It cleans inflamed intestines well when other remedies are powerless.

Dried fruits, juices, compotes, cocktails with pulp in the composition have a beneficial effect on the body. Recently, the most popular varieties are yellow plums, which are distinguished by their medicinal properties. What are the benefits and harms of yellow plum? It is useful in the following cases:

• due to the content of fiber, it improves intestinal motility;
• with the help of potassium removes excess fluid from the body;
• vitamin C helps to strengthen the immune system;
• pectins rid the body of unnecessary toxins and toxins;
• mineral elements strengthen hair, skin, nails.

Yellow varieties of plums also help in the fight against obesity. But for this you do not need to "sit" on diets. It is enough to eat right and introduce fruit that can be beneficial to the menu.

The benefits of plums for women

Women, as connoisseurs of beauty, prefer to use the beneficial qualities of plum pulp to create homemade masks. Industrial cosmetology is somewhat indifferent to this fruit, preferring products with a brighter composition to it. But the ladies appreciated the beneficial properties of the plum for cosmetic purposes.

As masks, juice or pulp of fresh fruits collected from their site is used. The composition will not harm any type of skin. The fruits are peeled, kneaded with a spoon or mortar and applied in a thin layer to the skin surface, avoiding the eye area. From above, the mask is covered with gauze, which is moistened in the juice as the top layer dries.Wash off after 20 minutes with warm water. The epidermis becomes soft and porcelain smooth thanks to the fruit acids that work as a gentle exfoliation.

With dry skin, cream or sour cream is added to the mask, egg yolk is added. 2-3 masks a week are enough to soften the epidermis, relieve dryness and flaking. Only 15 procedures and the result will be "on the face". If necessary, repeat the course in a month.

If the skin is prone to greasy, whipped egg white is introduced into the fruit pulp, the composition is mixed and applied for 15-20 minutes. The mixture is washed off first with warm and then cool water. The mask tightens enlarged pores, removes excess oiliness, and fights comedones.

Means prepared on the basis of pulp or plum juice:

• restore skin elasticity;
• moisturize the deep layers of the dermis;
• remove small wrinkles;
• relieve the problem of excessive pigmentation;
• have a peeling effect, cleansing the skin of dead particles of the epidermis.

If plums are not grown in the garden, and there are more than enough fruit lovers in the family, then elastic fruits with thick skin that can be stored are chosen on the market. Soft, thin-skinned fruits are suitable for desserts.

The benefits and harms of plums for pregnant women

For women "in position" plum brings invaluable benefits that are difficult to compare with other fruits. It contains a set of substances intended for carrying a baby:

1. Helps to solve the problem of constipation: expectant mothers often complain about the digestive tract.
2. Vitamin E helps maintain pregnancy by reducing the possibility of miscarriage.
3. Folic acid is "responsible" for the work of the placenta. Due to it, the fetus is supplied with all the necessary components. With a deficiency of folic acid, toxicosis is often observed. Its lack affects the malformation of the fetus and the development of anemia.
4. Iodine in the composition is needed for the hormonal balance of the mother and for the proper development of the child's skeletal system and his mental development.
5. Iron is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin in the blood and the prevention of anemia.
6. Potassium participates in the work of the kidneys, controlling the water-salt balance, because during pregnancy, many women complain of edema.
7. Vitamin C reduces the risk of colds, which is responsible for the health of mom and baby.

The benefits of dried fruits have been proven during the period of bearing a child. Dried fruit is an antipyretic agent that replaces medicines during colds.

How to grow a stone plum at home

The seeds for growing plum trees are taken from the fruits of local varieties. Seeds of early ripening varieties germinate worse than those that ripen later.

All the pulp is carefully removed from the seeds and placed on the windowsill so that they dry out. Then they are carefully cracked with nut tongs, being careful not to damage the seeds, otherwise they will not germinate.

Next, fill a glass with warm water and alternately lower the seeds into it. Those that sink are suitable for landing. Those who float on the surface are thrown away.

Germination

A cellophane bag or jar is filled two-thirds with moist compost. I put the seeds inside, close and shake them so that they sink below. The container is placed for stratification in a refrigerator, setting the temperature in it to about +4 ° C. After about 5-6 months, the seeds are carefully removed so as not to break the fragile white roots and planted in a pot.

Landing

A large tall pot with drainage holes is taken for each seed. Dig a small hole in the substrate, the depth of which is several centimeters more than the length of the roots. A mound is made in the center, a seed is placed on it and the roots are carefully straightened, after which they are covered with a substrate. The pot is transferred to a sunny place.

Watering

Watering the trees should be done before the earth is completely dry. However, they cannot stand excessive dampness.

See the video for even more information on plums:

Why is plum useful for men

Dried fruits are useful for males, not fresh product. They have medicinal properties:

• used in the treatment of the prostate;
• normalize the endocrine system;
• stabilize blood pressure;
• increase the amount of the male hormone testosterone;
• participate in metabolic processes;
• solve some dermatological problems.

Benefits men with excessive sweating and problems with swelling. Due to antioxidant activity, the body's defense reactions are enhanced, and resistance to negative environmental factors increases.

Plum is useful for skin problems. Mixtures with fruit in the composition are used to treat scars, burns, scars, ulcers. For any damage or inflammation on the surface of the skin, plum pulp can be applied in combination with other ingredients.

The fruits of the black plum, due to the active substances in the composition, increase the sensitivity in the pelvic organs, which gives a brighter sensation during sex.

The benefits of plums for children

As a complementary food, pediatricians recommend plums from 8 months. The first portions should be small: one to two tablespoons of plum puree or juice. In the future, the number can be increased, but not significantly. Plum is very weak and causes intestinal upset and diarrhea.

In childhood, when the digestive tract organs are not fully formed, babies have constipation. In this case, the benefits of plums are simply invaluable. If there are no fresh fruits, then you can make dried fruit compote or buy ready-made puree for children. A small amount of puree is introduced into porridge or curds.

It is necessary to ensure that the child does not eat a lot of fruits at one time, which leads to the same sad consequences: disturbance of the digestive system, abdominal pain, heartburn, diarrhea.

Plum harm

The body does not react well to a large amount of eaten fruit. A measure is needed in everything. And any benefit will be nullified if the consumption of the plum is huge. 6 large fruits are enough to replenish stocks of useful components and feel good.

For a certain category of people, plum is harmful:

• with obesity or diabetes mellitus due to the presence of easily digestible sugars in the composition;
• in case of gastritis with high acidity;
• with muscle and joint inflammation;
• mothers during lactation, as the baby suffers from colic and diarrhea;
• with individual intolerance (allergy to plums);
• in the presence of stones in the gallbladder.

Often, fungi multiply on the surface of a sweet fruit, especially if it is stored improperly. It is important to thoroughly rinse the plums with running water before use and scald with boiling water.

Plum, like any fruit, has its positive and negative sides. But moderate consumption will delight you with excellent taste and improve your mood. A delicious dessert brings the aromas of summer, when there is a rainy landscape outside the window and the time of the autumn blues comes.

Home plum is found in most of the gardens in our country and the world. Delicious, nutritious and healthy fruits are responsible for such wide popularity of this species.

Short description

Home plum is one of the most widespread species in Russia and the world from the Pink family. The species was obtained by natural pollination of blackthorn and cherry plum. The exact picture of the origin of the species has not yet been restored, however, it is believed that its homeland may be the territory from the Eastern Caucasus to the eastern coast of the Adriatic. This includes Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. This knowledge will allow scientists, over time, to obtain a drawing of the origin and distribution of the domestic plum.

On the territory of Russia, the first plums appeared in the middle of the 17th century in the garden of the royal family near Moscow, located in the village of Izmailovo. They were brought there from Western Europe. Today they are widespread throughout the world, Europe, Russia, China, and the USA.

What a plum looks like

Plum house is a woody plant up to 15 meters in height with an ovoid crown. The foliage is simple, alternately arranged, with a shortened petiole. Its length is usually 4-10 cm, width varies from 2 to 5 cm. Flower buds are also simple and form 1-3 flowers.Self-fertility varies depending on the characteristics of the particular cultivar, but the presence of other cultivars in the garden always increases the yield of the plum. The plum fruit is a monostyanka with a color from light yellow to deep purple, most often blue. The bone is flattened and pointed at both ends.

Important: a ripe crop must be protected not only from pests, but also from birds.

How long does a plum live

The lifespan of one tree is usually about a quarter of a century. The plant bears fruit for 10-15 years.

Home plum is one of the subdivisions of the Plum genus, which includes more than 250 species. Among them, the most related to the home plum are:

• American plum;
• cherry plum (Russian plum);
• dwarf plum;
• plum moldavian;
• Chinese plum, etc.

Home plum differs from the indicated types in color, taste and some other external features. Can vary:

• productivity;
• adaptability;
• winter hardiness;
• resistance to pests and diseases, etc.

note: The difference between plum species plays an important role in breeding.

Plum is a berry or fruit

It is generally accepted to include plum fruits in the fruit category, but recently it has been suggested that they are berries. In botany, it is generally accepted that berries are fruits with many seeds that ripen on bushes or herbaceous plants. From this point of view, plum fruits that grow on tree plantations and have one pit cannot be classified as berries. However, thanks to breeding achievements, it was possible to obtain varieties or to find species that form small fruits on bushy plants. In this regard, the question arose about attributing plums to berries.

Based on botanical definitions, it would be more correct to classify the plum as a fruit. The fruit is a succulent fruit that forms on woody or shrubby plants, resulting from the pollination of a flower, having one or more seeds that sprout when dropped into the ground. This definition is closer to plum than berry. Thus, the plum is a fruit.

Plum: tree or shrub

For more accurate selection and cultivation, it is necessary to know the answer to the question: is a plum a tree or a shrub? In culture, there are various varieties of plum, but the house plum in question belongs to trees.

Additional Information: the plant retains this shape even when crossed with woody species.

There are more than 1000 varieties of home plums in the world, which differ in quantitative and qualitative indicators. On their basis, hybridization is being intensively carried out in a number of scientific institutions of the corresponding profile.

Hungarian Korneevskaya

This variety is considered one of the largest-fruited among all plums. Woody plants with medium vigor. The crown is medium thickened, strongly spreading. Shoots are grayish-brown in color, ironed, bare, slightly curved, covered with a significant number of lentils. The buds are located at an angle of 45 ° to the stem, medium in size, have a conical shape, and are painted brown. The leaves are obovate, corrugated, short-pointed, slightly pubescent. The leaf petiole is shortened, also with slight pubescence. There are two small brown glands. Flowers are either single, double or even triple. They are of a typical white color, small. Fruiting occurs on elongated shoots of one year old and on spurs (short stems).

Fruit weight usually varies from 30 to 35 grams. They are characterized by an oval shape and a violet-brownish color with a pronounced waxy coating. There are many small subcutaneous markings that are outwardly subtle.The fruit has a pointed apex and a deep, narrowish fossa. The seam is poorly discernible and short. The peduncle is straight. Harvest with juicy, bright yellow pulp with a pleasant sweet taste. The juice has no color. A saber-shaped bone, oblong, occupies about 7% of the total weight of the fruit.

On a note! The variety Vengerka Korneevskaya is universal, it is used fresh, it goes for technological processing.

Flowering takes place in the first ten days of May, the fruits ripen in mid-August - early September. Fruiting begins in the 3-4th year. The variety can pollinate itself, forms a relatively high yield (from a tree 6-10 years old, 25-30 kg of fruit can be harvested). The wood is characterized by increased winter hardiness, however, in severe winters, freezing of flower buds is observed. Drought resistance is good, it can be increased by grafting the variety on an apricot stock. The variety is affected by diseases by 2 points, by harmful insects by 3 points. At high yields, branches are sometimes broken. The variety is suitable for cultivation in conditions of intensive gardening.

It is considered a typical variety with relatively small fruits. Trees of medium vigor with an oval crown and medium thickening and foliage. The surface of the sheet is covered with wrinkles. No pubescence. The petiole is of medium size and has glands. Flowering and fruiting occur both on bouquet branches and on spurs.

Fruits weighing up to 26 g, oval. The main color of the crop is green-yellowish, and the integumentary color is a pinkish blush on the sunny side. There is no pubescence, but there is a characteristic waxy coating. The top and base of the fruit are oval. The funnel is shallow at the base, the abdominal suture is also weakly expressed. The commercial quality of the crop is at a high level. The pulp is yellow in color, with a refined fibrous consistency. The juice content and density of the fruit are average, as are the aroma and sugar content of the crop. According to the tasters, the taste corresponds to a score of 4 points. The peduncle is characterized by an average length. The stone has a rounded oval shape and weighs about 1.7 grams. This represents approximately 6.5% of the total fruit mass. The peduncle is separated from the fruit with a dry separation. A versatile variety that can be used for various types of technological processing. It has an average ability to transport.

Morning blooms in the second decade of May, and begins to sing in the first half of August. It begins to bear fruit in the 6th year and bears fruit for about 21 years. The variety is self-fertile. Productivity exceeds the average level for the culture (up to 15 kg of fruits can be harvested from one tree). Fruiting is relatively regular (for 16 years - 4 years without fruit).

In winter, trees at an average level are affected by winter frosts.

Important! Flower buds are much more injured by winter frosts compared to evening frosts.

The drought resistance of the variety is average. Morning is relatively resistant to fruit rot, clasterosporium disease and other diseases typical of plums (affected by them by 0.5 - 1 points), and pests damage trees by an average of 2.5-3 points. The variety is recommended for cultivation under normal conditions in the Moscow region and other areas of the Central region of Russia, and it is better not to use it for intensive gardening.

The variety is considered one of the most vigorous. The crown is strongly thickened, with an expanded pyramidal shape. In the crown there are overgrowing branches, whose life cycle lasts up to 12 years. The stem is even and straight, smoothed. The number of lentils and their size are average. Shoots are even, internode width is about 4 cm. They have a light brown color and no pubescence. The vegetative bud is small and pointed, tightly pressed against the shoot, made in the form of a cone. The leaf is oblong-oval with a pointed upper part.The leaf blade is relatively small, flat, light greenish in color.

The fruit is most often broadly ovate or oval, with the same sides, weighing up to 45 g. The main color is light yellowish, the integumentary color is solid, reddish-violet. No pubescence. There are a large number of gray subcutaneous dots. There is a dense waxy coating. The pulp is yellow-green, when it comes into contact with air, it almost does not darken, it is fibrous in consistency, juicy, and compacted. The stone is oval-oblong, weighing up to 1.5 grams.

On a note! Fruits are most often eaten fresh, but they can also be used for some types of technological processing. It is practically not used for freezing and cooking dried fruits.

Flowering occurs in the second decade of April, and the fruits are harvested in the last days of September. The variety is partially self-fertile, the varieties Bogatyrskaya, Vengerka Moskovskaya, etc. are suitable for pollination. It begins to bear fruit in the 3-5th year. The productivity is very high, the frequency of fruiting is not observed. Wood and flower buds are affected by frost at an average level. Due to the high regenerative capacity, the kidneys can recover even after severe damage. Drought resistance is high. There is no sufficient resistance to moniliosis and polystygmosis, and on carbonate soils, plantations of the variety are affected by chlorosis.

Zarechnaya early

This plum variety is a typical representative of low-growing fruit plants. In trees, the crown is made in the form of a ball. Medium thickening, brown shoots, slightly curved, with a medium-distant arrangement of internodes. There are many shortened gray lentils that are clearly visible in appearance. The buds are dark brown, cone-shaped, medium in size, located at an angle to the shoot, characterized by a pointed upper part. The leaf is oval, large, the apex is noticeably pointed, matte, smoothed, with a rich green color. The lamina is flat, there is a slight bending in the shape of a boat. The flowers are bright white, medium in size, with rounded petals.

Fruits weighing about 40 g, the maximum weight reaches 50 g. Fruits are round-oval, with a dark purple color. There is a pronounced waxy coating and noticeable subcutaneous spots. The fruit apex is strongly depressed, with a deepened funnel and a deep ventral suture. The pulp is tender, juicy and firm, colored in amber color, pleasant sour-sweet taste, which is estimated by the tasters at 4.5 points. The stone is oval, medium in size, easily separated from the pulp. The peduncle is thickened and shortened, light green in color.

On a note! The variety is mainly for technical purposes.

Trees enter the fruiting season 3-4 years after planting. Ripening proceeds quickly and simultaneously and falls on the twentieth of July. The advantages of Zarechnaya early include high productivity and an increased degree of resistance to frost.

Knowing what a home plum is and being familiar with its properties, it becomes more convenient to select both a suitable variety and the cultivation conditions corresponding to it. If all these rules are observed, you can get a high, healthy and high-quality crop yield along with other fruits, berries or vegetables.

Classification

According to modern concepts, the genus belongs to the subfamily Amygdaloideae

- Almond (syn.
Prunoideae
- Plum) [2].

According to Germplasm Resources Information Network, genus Prunus

four subgenera are included [2] (earlier they were often isolated into independent genera):

• Almonds (Prunus
  subgen.
  Amygdalus
  ). Axillary buds in threes. Flowers in early spring appear on non-leafy branches. Representatives - almonds (
  Prunus dulcis
  ), peach (
  Prunus persica
  ).
• Cherry (Prunus
  subgen.
  Cerasus
  ). Axillary kidney is one. There are two sections [2]:
  Prunus
  subgen.
  Cerasus
  sect.
  Cerasus
  ... Representatives - common cherry (
  Prunus cerasus
  ), pennsylvanian bird cherry (
  Prunus pensylvanica
  ).
• Prunus
  subgen.
  Cerasus
  sect.
  Laurocerasus
  ... Representatives - cherry laurel (
  Prunus laurocerasus
  ), bird cherry (
  Prunus padus
  ).

Views

In total, the genus includes at least 254 species [3].

Main article: Species of the genus Plum

• American plum (Prunus americana
  )
• Narrow-leaved plum (Prunus angustifolia
  )
• Manchurian apricot (Prunus mandschurica)
• Common apricot (Prunus armeniaca
  )
• Sweet cherry (Prunus avium
  )
• Cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera
  )
• Common cherry (Prunus cerasus
  )
• Cherry plum (Prunus divaricata
  )
• Homemade plum (Prunus domestica
  typus [4])
• Almonds (Prunus dulcis
  )
• Shrub plum (Prunus fruticosa
  )
• Ferruginous cherry (Prunus glandulosa
  )
• American garden plum (Prunus hortulana
  )
• Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus
  )
• Luisitania (Prunus lusitanica
  )
• Bird cherry Maak (Prunus maackii
  )
• Antipka bird cherry (Prunus mahaleb
  )
• Sea plum (Prunus maritima
  )
• Japanese plum (Prunus mume
  )
• Munson Plum (Prunus munsoniana
  )
• Canadian plum (Prunus nigra
  )
• Common bird cherry (Prunus padus
  )
• Pennsylvanian bird cherry (Prunus pensylvanica
  )
• Peach (Prunus persica
  )
• Chinese plum (Prunus salicina
  )
• Apricot plum (Prunus simonii
  )
• Bird cherry late (Prunus serotina
  )
• Sakura (Prunus serrulata
  )
• Turn (Prunus spinosa
  )
• Coastal plum (Prunus subcordata
  )
• Shaggy plum (Prunus subhirtella
  )
• Prunus tenella Batsch - Steppe Almond
• Prunus triloba Lindl. - Three-lobed almond
• Ussuri plum (Prunus ussuriensis
  )
• Virginia bird cherry (Prunus virginiana
  )