Perennial and annual cereal weeds: list + effective control measures

Cereal crops have more than 6,000 species. In agriculture, they are used to sow pastures. But in vegetable gardens, such vegetation is undesirable. Cereal weeds are rapidly multiplied by numerous seeds, forming a dense, impenetrable growth. Making their way through the thickness of the earth, they dehydrate and impoverish the soil, thereby reducing the productivity of cultivated plants at times. Photos and names of cereal weeds, as well as effective methods of combating them, will help farmers cope with the plant threat.

Weed species

All weeds are divided into two types: monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous. Such a distribution is very important in the fight against them, since in order for the work to eliminate them to be effective, it is necessary to know which of these classes a particular plant belongs to. They should not be left in the fields or vegetable gardens, as they cause significant damage to the crop, and sometimes because of them, cultural crops that are not able to withstand an unequal struggle can completely die.

Tips from experienced gardeners

In the fight against weeds, if the blockage is non-mass, you can use the advice of experienced gardeners:

1. A strong solution of caustic soda is made and watered in spring at the root.
2. Sprinkle with pork salt - 1 kg per bush.
3. Will stop the growth of citric acid, with a solution of 3 tbsp. l. for 1 liter of water, the ground part is treated.

You can destroy weeds for one season with ethyl alcohol diluted in water (1/10). The agent is used to treat the stems and leaves, watered at the root. But this is a one-time measure, the grass will appear again next year.

Difference between species

There are clear differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous cereal weeds. They consist in the following botanical features:

• Monocots have one cotyledon in the seed embryo, and dicotyledons have two.
• The former have a fibrous root, the latter a taproot.
• The leaves of monocotyledonous weeds are always simple; in dicotyledonous weeds they can have a different structure. Plants with a complex leaf blade between two embryonic buds on the stem throw out a new one.
• In monocots, the perianth is only simple, and in dicots, it is double.
• Plants of the first group are devoid of educational tissue in the stems and roots, while in the latter it is present.

Among cereal weeds, representatives of the dicotyledonous species growing at the sites of sowing of crops of the same family are more common.

Species representatives

The names of cereal weeds are often associated with their appearance or some botanical differences. Here is a list of monocotyledonous pests that can destroy a significant portion of the crop:

• batlachok;
• barnyard;
• rye fire;
• field foxtail;
• empty oats;
• field broom;
• annual bluegrass, etc.

Among dicotyledonous weeds, the danger to cereals is represented by:

• spurge;
• sow thistle;
• fingered pig;
• green bristle;
• perennial chaff, etc.

All of these plants should be dealt with as they greatly affect the yield. Particularly dangerous are already mature, as in the photo, cereal weeds, which absorb large amounts of nutrients from cultivated crops.

Contraindications for use

It should be noted that during flowering, pig pollen is more likely to cause allergies, especially in people prone to allergies. The reaction of the body is manifested in the form of acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, eyes, skin. It is forbidden to use preparations with pigs for pregnant and lactating women, and for allergy sufferers.

Growth duration

In addition to differences in their structure, cereal weeds are divided according to the life cycle. Some of them appear annually from new grain, while others are able to winter and grow from a preserved root, therefore they are called annual or perennial.

Annual cereal weeds include:

• batlachok;
• barnyard;
• rye fire;
• field foxtail;
• annual bluegrass;
• cornflower blue;
• spurge.

The following plants are perennial:

• humay;
• creeping wheatgrass;
• pasture ryegrass;
• salamalia;
• perennial chaff.

Dicotyledonous annual plants

These weeds are significantly widespread and can cause great harm to crops:

1. Blue cornflower. This pest grows mainly in cereal fields. The height of its stem can reach 90 cm, and the flowers have a different color - from blue to dark blue. Its active growing season begins in late spring, and flowering lasts from June to autumn frosts. Each flower produces more than 1,000 seeds, the viability of which (in the ground) can reach up to 10 years. Such a cereal weed often does not cause special problems for cultivated plants.
2. Spurge. This weed is quite strong due to its well-developed and strong root. Its stem with elongated leaves can grow up to half a meter. Its first shoots are observed in late spring and it blooms throughout the summer. Despite the fact that the germination of milkweed seeds is very low, due to their quantity, the weed appears annually in those places where legumes, cereals and fodder crops are cultivated. A very serious fight should be waged with this plant, since its uncontrolled growth can lead to the complete capture of areas with crops.
3. Sow thistle. Another one-year dicotyledonous cereal weed that poses a significant threat to crops, since it is quite difficult to control it. The reason for this is its strong and long root, which goes two meters deep into the ground. A simple pulling out of this weed is often not enough, since some of the rhizome processes may remain in the ground, which will lead to a quick germination of a new stem.

Perennial dicotyledonous weeds

These weeds have a huge supply of nutrients, so they are able to develop quickly. The most common of them are the following:

• Fingered pig. The first shoots of this plant originate from grain, but in subsequent years it grows from a root preserved in the ground. It appears in the areas of crops from mid-spring, blooms in June, and begins to bear fruit from July to September. The plant is thermophilic, therefore its habitat is the southern regions of Russia and Central Asia.
• Spit for many years. This weed prefers to grow on loamy soils that are rich in nitrogen. Most often found on rapeseed and grain crops. It reproduces due to the elongated root sections that sprout in the spring. It begins to bloom in the middle of summer, and in the fall it sheds seeds that can persist in the soil for up to 4 years.

The use of a pig in folk medicine

Pork has long been known for its beneficial properties. The plant has a diuretic and laxative effect, and the roots and aerial parts are used to make decoctions useful in diseases of the genitourinary system.

In addition, pig rhizomes are often included in diuretic herbal quarrels, used in the treatment of papallomatosis of the bladder, glomerulonephritis, impotence, hypertrophy and prostate adenoma, as well as urolithiasis.

The inhabitants of China consider the pig to be a broad-spectrum remedy. It is advised to take it in the treatment of dysentery, rheumatism, inflammatory processes in the liver, respiratory infections, edema of the legs, urticaria, paralysis of the limbs. Freshly chopped pig grass can be used for small sores, cuts, wounds - the gruel should be applied to the affected areas in the form of a compress. In addition, a decoction prepared from the rhizomes of the plant, in the form of lotions, can be used for various eye diseases.

However, any of the above methods can be used only after consulting a doctor, who will select the appropriate option, ideally combined with drug treatment.

Monocotyledonous annual weeds

Annual weed grows both in fields and in vegetable gardens. Frequently encountered representatives include: barnyard, batlachok, field foxtail, annual bluegrass:

• Batlachok. This pest grows from spring to autumn on soil with a high carbonate content and sufficient moisture. In height it can reach more than half a meter. Its leaves are sharp and narrow, with small grooves. The seeds can remain viable for 10 years. This cereal weed prefers to grow among winter cereals, row crops and oilseeds. Its presence significantly reduces the quality and quantity of the crop, and also complicates the harvesting (threshing) process.
• Herringbone. Loves moist humus, loamy and sandy soils, rich in nutrients. The barnyard sprouts in early summer from last year's seeds, which can be in the soil before germination from 3 to 5 years. This plant is rightfully considered the most malicious cereal weed. It is entering into serious competition with corn crops because it grows from May to August. Its active vegetation and high seedling density negatively affect the cereal yield.

• Field foxtail. Selects the place of growth of calcareous soils, provided with moisture. It grows from early spring to mid-autumn. On its stem, which reaches 60 cm, there are spikelets with seeds. Distributed on winter cereals, row crops and oilseeds. It greatly affects the quality of the crop and its threshing.
• Annual bluegrass. It grows in nitrogen-containing and well-hydrated soil. The seeds are formed on a panicle extending from the stem. It does not pose a particular danger for grain crops, but the corn crop can be reduced.

How to get rid of a pig in the garden

Control measures for finger pigs depend on the extent of the spread of the weed on the site. This plant is one of the most difficult to remove, the root system dies after treatment in 2-3 weeks. If even a small section of the root remains intact, the plant resumes growth and after a certain period of time completely restores the green mass and the root system.

To kill weeds, use:

• chemicals;
• folk remedies;
• agrotechnical techniques.

How to destroy a pig with chemicals

Herbicides are used when the site is severely neglected, the chemical industry offers a large number of drugs that effectively act on the weed. They are used only as a last resort, when other more environmentally friendly methods have not yielded a positive result. Chemicals from the main list not only destroy weeds, but also disrupt the beneficial microflora of the soil.

Below is a list and photos of several preparations of contact or selective action against pig grass, minimally affecting the composition of the soil.

"Glyfogan".The contact agent, 4 hours after treatment, gets through the green mass to the root. The photosynthesis of protein and amino acids is disrupted, the pig turns yellow and dies within two weeks.

"Titus Extra" is a selective chemical; it is used immediately after the first shoots appear. "Titus" aggressively affects the grass, destroys the growth of the buds of the root system, quickly disintegrates in the soil.

"Zellek Super" is a fast-acting preparation, after being absorbed by the leaves, it moves to the underground part, destroying the growth points. The green mass turns yellow on the 3rd day of processing, dries up after a week.

"Hurricane" is a contact chemical that spreads through the ground part in 2-3 hours, the weed dies in 8-10 days.

"Zenkor" after processing inhibits photosynthesis, after two hours completely stops the process, the weed dries up within a week. It is a long lasting effective remedy.

"Gezagard" - selective action, used at the first appearance of shoots. The drug affects only the root of the pig, penetrating through the soil. Safe for microflora and cultivated species.

Apply chemicals without exceeding the dosage indicated in the instructions.

How to destroy a pig in a garden with folk remedies

The pig is a light-loving species, it will not be able to develop in moist soil without sufficient heat. Seedlings appear early, and the first shoots show where the weed is growing.

The area is watered abundantly and covered with black film. Photosynthesis is impossible without ultraviolet radiation. The pig gets into an environment that is completely opposite to the biological need. The root system rots from excess moisture, the upper part turns yellow and the weed dies.

In the fight against Bermuda grass, kerosene is used. In the spring, after the germination of the weed, it is watered with kerosene, after 12 days the procedure is repeated. You can plant gourds, watermelon, melon in the place of the main accumulation of pigs, and in temperate climates - pumpkin. Ground cover crops grow rapidly, shading the weed.

How to get rid of a pig with agrotechnical measures

The main condition in getting rid of weeds is the complete removal of the root so that no parts of it remain in the soil. In early spring, they dig up a site to the depth of root growth - use a pitchfork, not a shovel. The bayonet of the tool cuts the root, and it will not be possible to remove it completely.

As the ground part appears, the site is weeded and the remaining roots are removed. In the fall, when the garden is left without vegetable crops, deep plowing is carried out and roots are selected.

Advice! The remains of the pig is burned or removed from the site.

Monocotyledonous perennials

Monocotyledonous perennial cereal weeds include the following:

1. Humay. It grows mainly on moist nitrogen-containing soils, from spring to late summer. Annually emerges from last year's seeds, as well as long root shoots. It has a smooth, straight stem with serrated leaves. There is no significant harm from it to cereals.
2. Wheatgrass creeping. This weed does not have special preferences in the soil, however, it develops more actively on land with a high humus content. It grows from spring to cold autumn. Its stem is straight and smooth with twisted leaves. It spreads on cereal crops and impairs the quality of the harvest and harvest.
3. Pasture ryegrass. Begins to sprout with the arrival of spring on loamy soil. The long-term existence of this weed is provided by underground lateral shoots. The stem, covered with dark green leaves, grows up to 50 cm. Despite the fact that it is a valuable pasture plant, it harms the growth of cereals, potatoes and rapeseed.