Mushrooms of Saratov and the Saratov region: edible and poisonous

»Mushrooms» Mushroom picking in the Saratov region in 2020

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This region is characterized by a small amount of woodlands. But, despite this, the mushrooms of the Saratov region in 2019 promise to please fans of "quiet hunting" with a variety and a large number. The main thing is not to put a poisonous mushroom in the basket by mistake.

Mushroom picking in the Saratov region in 2020

Popovka village

Here is the mushroom forest closest to the city of Saratov (and accordingly to the regional center). It stretches between the villages of Popovka and Sosnovka. Mushroom pickers get from Saratov by bus towards the village of Sbrodovka. A road leads to the forest from this village, but it itself grows in a tract. The places here are uneven, with elevation changes, so in search of mushrooms, you will have to climb the steeps and lowlands.

The forest is old, pine. The trees are 100-200 years old. Pine stands are adjacent to an oak forest. Boletus, boletus, mushrooms grow here.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Mushrooms are living organisms, like all life forms on our planet. And they are also affected by parasites. And one of these parasitic fungi of the brick-red Pekiella species from the Hypomyceteaceae family chose the fruiting bodies of saffron milk caps. Studies have shown that during its development, its mycelium causes a reduction (simplification) of the hymenophore plates and almost completely covers the entire underside of the cap. Such mushrooms are called "stone" or "deaf". Their plates are not able to form spores. Experts do not recommend collecting such fruiting bodies.

There are many other mushrooms. There are waves, milk mushrooms, ryadovki, talkers.

Ecology of the region

Experts constantly talk about the critical state of the ecology of the Saratov region. The nature is polluted by industrial enterprises, which grow and develop here faster and better than mushrooms.

Fuel, chemical and petrochemical industries continue to emit harmful substances into the atmosphere. The number of landfills for industrial and municipal solid waste is growing.

All this cannot but affect the quality of mushrooms, as you know, they absorb substances in the soil and in the air. In the region, there are frequent cases of mushroom poisoning, and the victims say that they ate both unknown mushrooms and mushrooms, the properties of which they have known for a long time. Most likely, the poisoning occurred due to improper processing, or due to the fact that they were collected in ecologically polluted places.

Experts warn that it is impossible to collect and eat unfamiliar mushrooms, as well as mushrooms growing near roads, near industrial enterprises, dumps, landfills.

You should not collect overgrown specimens - over time they become tough, accumulate even more harmful substances in themselves, and lose their taste.

Mushroom poisoning manifests itself very quickly - within 10-15 minutes after eating. A person has all the signs of poisoning - nausea, weakness, vomiting, pain and boiling in the intestines. When these symptoms appear, you should immediately seek medical help. Before the arrival of the ambulance, you should independently rinse your stomach with warm water, take activated charcoal or polyphepan.

Mushrooms of the Saratov region

village Bazarny Karabulak

Saratov is located 100 km from this area.Both deciduous and coniferous trees grow here. The forest is mixed, uneven-aged. Perennial trees are found everywhere, but there is also undergrowth of oak, pine, maple. The main attraction is the century-old ship pines, which are 150 years old and more.

Mushrooms of the area:

1. Boletus is often found in the grass.
2. Greenfinches grow in groups, burying themselves to the very top in the sand.
3. Near pines or on the edge of plantings, in lowlands, ditches, they meet a variety of porcini mushroom with a thin (cylindrical) leg and with a yellow-brown cap.
4. In pine forests, on damp lowlands, clearings, edges, mushrooms are often found. They do not grow one by one, but in whole groups.

Ryzhiks belong to the I category of edibility. Their most important advantage over many others equally valuable in terms of saturation with vitamins and mineral compounds is that they do not need to be soaked first. It is enough just to wipe it with a damp cloth, remove adhering forest debris and cut off the hard lower part of the leg.

Interestingly, one of the types of mushrooms, due to the presence of special pigments in the composition of the fruiting body, can cause urine to turn red.

When picking mushrooms, you need to carefully examine each specimen that you are going to send to the basket: if it raises your doubts, it is better to leave it where you found it, but hanging it on a branch - thus. you will help the spores spread with the help of the wind and after a while you will get some more mushroom spots.

Popular mushrooms

More often than others in the forests of the Saratov region you can find:

• boletus;
• White mushrooms;
• milk mushrooms;
• aspen mushrooms;
• mushrooms;
• chanterelles;
• boletus;
• honey agarics;
• meadow mushrooms;
• various types of russula, etc.

Porcini mushrooms of the Saratov region have several varieties:

• Dubovik (locals often call him Poddubovik);
• summer white;
• boletus;
• birch.

They are all similar in size (15-20 cm), have a dense pulp that does not darken during cooking. At the same time, porcini mushrooms have external differences: color, shape of the cap, roundness of the legs. White summer, for example, differs from boletus in a lighter convex, spherical cap. The birch porcini mushroom has a light yellow “headdress”, and the leg is elongated. The slightly convex cap of the boletus is colored reddish-brown. The fungus has a bright yellowish reticular pattern on the tuberous stem. White summer legs, especially at the base, are thicker. In old pine forests it is possible to collect porcini mushrooms with a dark red-brown, classic color of the cap.

As you know, mushrooms love sandy soils, so they should go to the forests of the Bazarno-Karabulak and Baltai regions, to the floodplain of the Khoper River. Butter - mushrooms growing in the Saratov region (including butter dish, larch, granular), are common in mixed and pine forests. These mushrooms, beloved by many, grow in numerous groups, after long and heavy rains they sprout together three or four times a season, but, unfortunately, are quickly affected by worms. You can meet them until the beginning of November, as well as boletus and mushrooms.

Of course, we have presented you with a description of not all edible mushrooms in the Saratov region, but only the most popular among the local population. There are also other edible species in the forests. But most mushroom pickers try to collect a specific variety. It depends largely on taste preferences. In addition, this solution helps to avoid poisoning. Mushrooms of the Saratov region of the same species, which grow in different areas, may have a different smell, cap and leg color. To avoid mistakes when collecting them, it is necessary to study the description and photos in the guides for mushroom pickers.

Read also: Winter mushroom mushroom (flammulina velvety-footed): where and when to collect, what an edible, false, photo, video looks like

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Village Yagodnaya Polyana

A huge forest area is located between four settlements of Tatishchevsky and Petrovsky districts. It begins behind the village of Yagodnaya Polyana and continues to the villages of Ozerki, Orkino, Sokur. The forest is a mixture of deciduous trees with small patches of pine.

There are boletus, aspen, boletus, honey agarics. There are milk mushrooms, as well as pigs, russula of different colors, ryadovki, talkers, umbrella mushrooms.

Do you know about umbrella mushrooms?, what…

• Only part of the umbrella mushrooms is attributed to the genus Macrolepiota (Umbrella Mushroom), and the rest are scattered in other genera.
• The diameter of the cap of some species can reach 35 cm, with a leg length of 40 cm.
• Most of the species are typical saprotrophs.
• Umbrella mushrooms are cosmopolitan, they are absent only in Antarctica.
• When you touch the surface of the cap, it begins to turn yellow or takes on a brown tint.
• With development in the complete absence of light, or vice versa, with continuous illumination, fruit bodies of an ugly shape are formed and do not give rise to spores.

Forest park near the village of Tinh-Zin

The area is rich in mushrooms

On the outskirts of the city of Engels there is a long forest area (950 hectares). The forest is located on a flat area, represented exclusively by deciduous tree species. Here you can find oak, linden, birch. There are many streams on the territory, there are lakes, as well as swampy areas.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

A forest park is a vast natural forest, which is usually located not far from a large settlement or within it, adapted ("cultivated") for mass recreation, sports, entertainment and satisfying the cultural and aesthetic needs of people. Culturing activities can be limited to trails and rest benches, or to the creation of specially designed small-scale architecture complexes in combination with sports and recreation facilities and facilities. In the forest parks, measures are also taken to enrich the flora and fauna. There may be water bodies on the territory of the forest park.

Edible mushrooms grow in abundance here during the season. Basically, boletus, milk mushrooms, aspen mushrooms are found. Collect pigs and boletus. The most mushroom places are near the Kastorovoye and Pionerskoye lakes. The forest belt occupies a large area, so mushroom pickers in search of edible "trophies" have to travel considerable distances.

Village Alekseevka

Enthusiastic mushroom pickers should also visit the Baltaisky District. The collection is most successfully carried out in a forest plantation outside the village of Alekseevka. Here are the richest mushroom places in the Saratov region. Trees of different species grow chaotically, which indicates the natural origin of the massif.

Mushrooms grow here redheads, boletus, white, boletus, milk mushrooms, umbrellas, chanterelles.

Boletus and aspen mushrooms are often combined by mushroom pickers, giving the name "obabki". Indeed, although there are differences between the species of these mushrooms, they are outwardly quite similar. But it is better to study the characteristics of each species in order to know what you are going for and what you are carrying home in a basket.

What mushrooms are found in the Saratov region?

More than two thousand species of mushrooms grow on this territory. Approximately about one hundred and fifty of them are edible. However, no more than twenty species are popular among the local population, since some edible specimens popular in the southern regions of Russia (summer mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, morels, umbrellas) are not considered mushrooms by local lovers of "quiet hunting" and therefore they are simply not picked.

Local mushroom pickers collect only 50-55 species. This number includes those included in the Red Book. And there are about 20 species of them in the Saratov region. True, not all of them are edible.

Village Klyuchi

It is better to pick mushrooms in the Saratov region in the Krasnoarmeysky district. It is located in the forest-steppe zone. On the right bank of a small rivulet (a tributary of the Goly Karamysh River) is the village of Klyuchi. There is a large forest there. It is located far from the main routes, which is very important from the point of view of the current ecological situation. The basis is oak, in some places it is possible to see maple, linden.

A pine forest has been planted in even rows along the forest and the road leading to the village. There are a lot of butter, saffron milk caps. They find a ryadovka, milk mushrooms, honey mushrooms, talkers.

Mushroom pickers also visit the forest near the village of Ivanteevka in the same district.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Saratov region?

At the end of summer, thousands of connoisseurs of "quiet hunting" take capacious backpacks, arm themselves with wicker baskets and go on a "hunt." For those who are just going to join this fascinating and, I must say, useful activity, we presented below a map of mushroom places of the region.

Experienced mushroom pickers know that edible mushrooms in the Saratov region most often grow in sunny elevated places, forest edges well warmed by the sun, blown pine forests, in rare aspen forests, light oak and birch groves, on old forest paths. The map shows the areas where most often mushrooms come to the surface of the soil. These are the Engels district near the lake Tin-Zin, Marksovsky near the village of Zvonarevka, Krasnoarmeisky in the vicinity of the village of Ivanteevka, Saratovsky near the village of Popovka. At the end of 2020, it can be said that Tatishchevsky, Petrovsky, Baltic and Bazarno-Karabulaksky regions belong to mushrooms.

Time and place of gathering

Those wishing to "hunt" come to different districts of the Saratov region. Edible mushrooms grow best in coniferous forest plantations, birch groves. Poisonous unpretentious, appear everywhere. They often grow in the same place as edibles.

Edible mushrooms in the Saratov region attract many tourists who want to relax and enjoy communication with nature. If mushrooms are found, the name of which is unknown, or they are in doubt, it is better to refuse the find. Most likely, these are inedible poisonous mushrooms that can cause severe poisoning, death.

Poisonous mushrooms appear first. This happens in May.

The most delicious and healthy mushrooms are autumn ones. In the Saratov region there are a variety of their types, from white to waves and russula. Autumn mushrooms occur at the peak of the season. This is the most fertile time. Fruiting bodies are found throughout most of the year (with the exception of the cold period). To do this, you need to have a mushroom calendar. It indicates what types of them and in what month they grow. Additionally, you should be guided by the weather conditions. When using the mushroom calendar, do not forget that it does not coincide with the calendar we are used to.

Another important condition for a successful hunt is the mushroom map of the Saratov region, which indicates the places where mushroom picking takes place most successfully. The cultivation of forests and the planting of new ones continues. The map for mushroom pickers is periodically updated. Forest belts are being developed in other localities. For this reason, the map of recent years may differ significantly from previous samples. This is important to consider when going into the forest.

Features of mushrooms

The number of mushrooms growing in this area is influenced by the weather characteristics of this region. Bad harvest years often occur due to lack of moisture, drought. Naturally, this does not promote the release of the mushrooms. The year 2016 was especially generous for the harvest. In the vicinity of Saratov, mushroom pickers collected milk mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus, porcini mushrooms. Birch groves in the Petrovsky district and near the village of Bolshoi Melik pleased us with a good harvest.

It is known that edible mushrooms in the Saratov region (as, indeed, in any other territory) love cool rainy weather. Therefore, the best time to collect them is autumn (from the last decade of August to the end of October - until the first frost). Weather permitting, you can pick mushrooms from late May to early June.

Experienced mushroom pickers know that warm nights and fog are signs of the start of the season. In the spring and almost all summer, when precipitation occurs, boletus, boletus, porcini mushrooms of the Saratov region delight with a generous harvest.