Mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory. Edible mushrooms: names, descriptions, where and when to collect

»Mushrooms» Mushroom places of Krasnodar Territory and Adygea

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The mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory are very diverse due to dense coniferous and deciduous forests, plains and mountainous areas. The temperate climate and the absence of prolonged periods of drought contribute to the active growth of myceliums from the beginning of warm spring days to the beginning of winter.

Mushroom places of the Krasnodar Territory and Adygea

White mushroom

Starting to consider edible mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory, of course, you should start with this. Its cap is 8-25 cm in diameter, 2-6 cm thick, convex, hemispherical, sometimes flat and cushion-shaped, brown, dark brown, yellowish-brownish, light brown. The edge is solid, straight, thick, even. The surface is thin, smooth, sometimes dry, wrinkled, matte. At the same time, the skin does not separate from the pulp.

The pulp is 1.3-4 cm thick, dense, fleshy, white with aging, looser. The smell is pleasant, the taste is insipid. The tubules are 0.7-2 cm long, white. The porcini mushroom in the Krasnodar Territory has round, small, white pores that turn yellow over time. The lower part of the cap also turns yellow and becomes yellowish-greenish at old age. The stem is about 10 cm long, tuberously thickened towards the base, periodically almost cylindrical, slightly curved or straight, dry, solid, matte, light brown or whitish with a reticulated white pattern in the upper region of the stem. White mushroom in the Krasnodar Territory is widespread (in the vicinity of the villages of Saratov, Smolenskaya, Kaluga, Stavropol, Goryachiy Klyuch), in hornbeam-oak, oak, fir-beech, pine forests, in bushes, in clearings, on sandy loam, clay soil.

Timing of collection and features of using mushrooms

In terms of the variety of mushroom species, the Krasnodar Territory can be compared with the Far East, but the peculiarities of the soil and climatic conditions make it possible to collect fruit bodies for a fairly long time.

Thousands of fans of quiet hunting on weekends disperse through suburban forest belts. Depending on the species characteristics, mushroom picking can be started as early as May., and the last crop is harvested before the onset of a significant autumn cold snap. Of course, the dates of the main collection are approximate and may vary slightly depending on the weather conditions each year.

Species name	Category	Terms of the main collection	Use of fruiting bodies
White mushrooms	The first	Between May and September	Universal
Grabovik	The second	Between July and September	Cooking, frying, stewing, drying
Hericium yellow	Fourth	Between July and November	Cooking, stewing and frying
Granular butter dish	The second	Between April and November	Cooking, frying, stewing, drying, pickling
The chanterelle is real	The first	Between May and November	Cooking, frying, stewing, pickling
Oak lump	The second	Between June and October	Salting
Flywheel green	Third	Between May and October	Cooking, frying, stewing, drying, pickling
Garlic	Fourth	Between July and September	Cooking, frying, stewing, drying

According to experienced mushroom pickers, the most favorable mushroom places in the Krasnodar Territory are oak forests near the Ubinka River, as well as the Crimean, Seversky, Absheronsky and Tuapse Districts, Goryachiy Klyuch and the vicinity of the city of Gelendzhik. A significant number of mushrooms, limbs, aspen mushrooms, white mushrooms, boletus and whitewort grows near Barabinsk. Here, regardless of skill, there is always the opportunity to collect a rich harvest of tasty and healthy mushrooms.

Grabovik

We continue to consider the mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory. Autumn is a great time to harvest grabber. He has a cap 10 cm in diameter, cushion-shaped and prostrate-convex, hemispherical, yellowish-brownish, golden-yellow, brownish-greenish, dark brown and brown with aging. The edge is smooth, solid, thick. Completely dry surface, slightly wrinkled, matt. Due to the cracking of the skin, particles resembling scales appear. Fibrous grayish-white flesh is visible between them. It is fleshy, thick, whitish-grayish, fibrous-cotton-like. Becomes purple-pinkish at the break, then darkens. Sweetish taste, pleasant mushroom smell. The tubules are 0.8-2.2 cm long. The pores are round-oval, small. The lower surface of the cap and the edges of the pores are golden yellow, dark yellow with age. The leg is 8-14 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm thick, curved or straight, thickened downwards, the base is pointed, the middle is almost cylindrical and thickened, solid, whitish-grayish in the upper part, slightly darker below, yellowish with aging, scaly fibrous. The pulp is firm, yellowish or whitish-grayish, turns pink at the break, then turns red (slightly blue at a young age). Mushroom picking is carried out in the foothill zone (not far from the village of Ku-Tais, near the villages of Saratovskaya, Smolenskaya), in a hardwood forest.

Types of edible honey agarics in the Kuban

Kuban is rich in mushroom catch. There are a lot of honey mushrooms among the varieties. They differ in the harvest season, appearance, and places of growth. Kuban mushrooms can be divided into several categories:

Summer. The Latin name is Kuehneromycesmutabilis. In the scientific community, they are classified as Agaricomycetes. At the beginning they have a convex cap, which then becomes flat with a characteristic tubercle in the middle. In the rain it takes on a brown tint and is well translucent. When it gets dry, the surface of the cap is lighter and more matte. The edges are framed with distinct grooves, sometimes concentric rings protrude. They are edible.
Autumn. The Latin name is Armillariamellea. The second name is real or ordinary. Mycologists attribute the species to parasitic fungi, but autumn mushrooms in the Kuban are very tasty. Therefore, mushroom pickers do not remember such a classification. Grows on tree trunks in large colonies. Solitary specimens are almost never found. The pulp is dense with a persistent mushroom odor. The hat is flat, 5 cm in diameter and with uneven edges. The leg is darker than the cap, the general background is brown.
Winter or Latin Flammulinavelutipes. Kuban is rich in winter species that mushroom pickers collect throughout February. The taste and smell of winter mushrooms depends on where they grow. Mushrooms growing on deciduous trees have a more delicate taste and aroma. Coniferous vegetation imparts a slightly bitter resinous aftertaste and a corresponding odor. They tolerate frost perfectly, at this time they simply stop growth.

Most of all, winter mushrooms are preferred for settlement by poplar or maple.

The chanterelle is real

Telling what mushrooms grow in the Krasnodar Territory, I would like to pay special attention to chanterelles. And this is primarily due to their appearance. The cap is 3-9 cm in diameter, up to 1.3 cm thick, convex, depressed in the middle, periodically funnel-shaped. The edge is bent down, wavy, solid, thin. The mushroom is yellow-egg colored. The surface is dry, smooth, dull, bare, the flesh does not separate from the skin.

Fresh taste, pleasant mushroom smell. Larvae are almost never affected. A hymenophore in the form of branched veins running down the mushroom leg. The veins, which replace the plates, are narrow, thick in places, in the form of folds, very rare, do not separate from the pulp.The leg is curved or straight, thinner at the bottom, goes up into the cap, one-color, solid, eccentric or central, dry, smooth, matte, naked. So where is this type of mushroom collected in the Krasnodar Territory? Everywhere! For this, mountain and foothill belts are suitable (the area of the villages of Smolenskaya, Kaluzhskaya, Kamyshanova Polyana, Goryachiy Klyuch, between Lake Kardyvach and Krasnaya Polyana, in the area of Arkhyz, Psebay, not far from the station Zelenchukskaya), in a hornbeam-oak, mixed and coniferous forest ( Caucasian fir, aspen, beech, hazel, maple, hawthorn), on all kinds of soil, mainly with a cover of moss.

Poisonous mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory

As in any other region, picking mushrooms in the Kuban requires special care. Mushroom poisoning can be very insidious and does not appear immediately, so here, as elsewhere, the iron rule of any mushroom picker works - not sure about the mushroom, do not touch it! The species diversity of poisonous mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory is quite large, as in the case of commercial mushrooms, the favorable climate allows almost all toxic species of mushrooms known in Russia to grow here. So here we recall the most dangerous species that can meet in this region. Toadstool is pale

Death cap

The most dangerous poisonous mushroom in Russia. It has a hemispherical or outstretched cap of a white, grayish color, sometimes with a green sheen, a pronounced ring on the leg, at the base there is a characteristic Volvo. I strongly recommend that you familiarize yourself with other signs and differences in the mushroom encyclopedia! In the Kuban, it begins to bear fruit from June and continues to occur until the first frost.

Entoloma poisonous

Quite large, with a cap up to 16 cm, lamellar mushroom. The hat is yellowish-white or gray, has a strong flour-like pulp odor. In the Kuban, it occurs during September and October, mainly in the foothills. Very poisonous!

Amanita muscaria

The most famous, perhaps, is a poisonous mushroom with a bright red cap covered with characteristic white flakes, with a white ringed stem and an ovoid depression at the base. Fortunately, it is rare in the Kuban region, mainly in mountainous areas, it grows from July to September.

Satanic mushroom

Outwardly, it strongly resembles boletus, the surface of the cap is white, grayish, the leg is yellow-red, with a bright red mesh pattern. On a break or cut, the pulp quickly turns red, turns blue along the edge, then the pulp regains its former white color. Not a very poisonous mushroom, however, it can cause quite severe stomach upset. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, it is found quite often and abundantly, which is why it is dangerous. Grows everywhere in deciduous forests.

Satanic mushroom Expert opinion Gennady Sergeevich Rylov A great expert in mycology and an avid mushroom picker. Knows everything about mushrooms, their types and places of growth. It will be important to note here that this list is far from complete. Almost all types of fly agarics, a huge number of toadstools and hallucinogenic mushrooms grow in the Kuban. Therefore, more complete information should be emphasized from the mushroom encyclopedia, this is very important!

Real honey mushroom

You have already learned what mushrooms grow in the Krasnodar Territory. Now it's worth considering the mushroom. Its cap is 5-10 cm, hemispherical, prostrate, flat-convex, dirty brown, gray-yellowish, darker towards the middle. The edge is bent down, then even, straight, thin, solid. The surface is absolutely dry, damp only in damp weather, covered with thin dark brown, brown scales.

Thin, unbreakable, fleshy, white flesh. Sour astringent taste, pleasant smell. The plates are shortly descending, frequent, white, then brownish-yellow, often with a coating of white spores, an entire edge. The leg is almost always curved.Cylindrical, central, slightly thickened downward (grow occasionally singly, in a bunch), solid, of the same color with the cap, slightly paler at the top. Furrowed above the ring, below - elastic, fibrous. The bedspread is in the form of a whitish filmy ring. Now we will find out where mushrooms are collected in the Krasnodar Territory. These are mountain and foothill belts (near the villages of Smolenskaya, Kaluzhskaya, Krepostnaya, Ilskiy settlement, Psebay region, Kamyshanova Polyana, Arkhyz, Laba river), in glades, in forests, at the base of trunks, on stumps, on roots and living trunks of various rocks.

Summer mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory

Summer is a period of a real forest riot of mushrooms in the Kuban. It will be rather difficult to list all the species that can decorate the basket of a mushroom picker in the middle of the summer season, because a whole scientific work will turn out. Therefore, I will confine myself to the most common and massively growing species that form the basis of commercial mushroom collection.

Common boletus

Here it begins to bear fruit at the end of May, its season ends in late autumn. Typical boletus mushroom, tubular, the cap is hemispherical or cushion-shaped, the leg is scaly, even or widening at the base, with the flesh turning blue along the edge. A pleasant feature of these mushrooms in the Krasnodar region is that there are almost no watery specimens characteristic of the middle zone. In the Kuban, almost all brown birch trees are dense, elastic. True, the worms also eat them very actively and it can be difficult to find an intact specimen.

Boletus

Around the same time, red and yellow-brown varieties of boletus, red and yellow-brown varieties appear in the forests and pendants. These are dense tubular mushrooms with a stem in black scales, a dense convex cap of yellow, brownish, red or brick colors. It is easily distinguished by the intensely blue pulp at the break. In the Kuban, these mushrooms grow especially abundantly on the border of the forest-steppe and subtropical zones, in particular, in Krasnaya Polyana. Also, large populations were seen in the Belorechensk area. In the Krasnodar Territory, you can find truly gigantic specimens of boletus boletus, the personal record of the author of this article is a mushroom that a little short of 3.5 kilograms. And without a single worm, as is typical for the boletus.

Ryzhik Pine, here more often called "gourmet mushroom"

A small lamellar mushroom of red, reddish, sometimes greenish color with a convex or funnel-shaped cap. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, this delicious mushroom has chosen the territories of the foothills and the slopes of low mountains, where it is found very abundantly. Very large crops are harvested by local residents in the area of the village with the unpronounceable name of Arkhz; large populations also grow near the village of Chibiy.

Pine mushroom True milk mushroom

Real milk

A large, massive mushroom with a flat, depressed or funnel-shaped cap of white or yellowish color, abundantly secreting caustic milky juice when broken. Real "mushroom gold" of Russia. Unlike more eastern populations, in the Krasnodar Territory, this noble mushroom is mainly found in mountainous areas, most often in the vicinity of hornbeams. In the lowland parts of the region, it can be found only where loamy soils predominate.

Truffle white

This mushroom is worth noting separately, since on the territory of our country the Krasnodar Territory is almost the only region whose climate is favorable for the growth of this rare and capricious mushroom. In any case, it is regularly found only in the Kuban. Outwardly, the mushroom resembles a rather unkempt potato of gray or brown color, irregular in shape. The fruiting body is completely submerged in the soil, so collecting these mushrooms is a separate art form.On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, it is most often seen in mountainous areas or foothills, in particular, in the vicinity of Apsheronsk. Grows strictly on calcareous soils.

Autumn honey mushroom

Autumn honey agaric

Saprotrophic fungus, grows on weakened or dead wood, small, with a convex or outstretched cap covered with scales and a characteristic ring on the stem. It grows in groups, in the Kuban there are often standing trees covered with mushrooms from the soil and up to a height of 3 meters. Here it is often called "real honey fungus", since in the Krasnodar region the active growth of this fungus begins much earlier than, for example, in central Russia. Mushroom pickers begin to collect it from the beginning of June, then the honey agaric gives several "layers" and continues to bear fruit right up to the end of November. So it can be safely attributed to both summer and autumn mushrooms of the region. Here honey mushrooms have chosen the mountainous regions of the forest-steppe and subtropical belts, but they are also found on the plains, although not so abundantly.

Mushroom without a ring

What other mushrooms grow in the Krasnodar Territory? Of course, mushroom without a ring. It bears great resemblance to the species discussed above. It grows in bunches, in tight groups, thus forming "bushes" or "families". At each leg, the upper part is thickened and does not have a ring, unlike the previous mushroom. The plates are long descending. It grows in the foothill zone (the area of the villages of Smolenskaya, Kaluzhskaya), in glades, in oak forests, clearings, as well as on dead oak roots. The mushroom is edible, reminiscent of the autumn mushroom in its taste.

Silent hunt

The natural conditions in the Kuban are such that absolutely everything grows here - from wheat to berries. Mushrooms are no exception. This is due to the fact that Kuban, by its location, captures several climatic zones at once.

Different parts of the Kuban relief are distinguished by their diversity. Deciduous forests here can be abruptly replaced by conifers, black soil is replaced by clay and sandy soils, which turn into rocky mountains. There is even a saying that if you stick a simple stick into the land of the Kuban, it will easily sprout. And this is actually practically the case. The unique climate and fertile lands make it possible for a huge variety of plants to develop on the rich soils of the Kuban.

But along with edible mushrooms, inedible ones grow just as well. Therefore, harvesting must be taken seriously. During the mushroom season in the Krasnodar Territory, you can harvest without going into the forest. Here they can even grow in a personal plot under apricots or other fruit trees.

Going on a quiet hunt, you need to take a sharp knife, a wicker basket and a stick with you, so that it is convenient to push the foliage apart. It is undesirable to use plastic bags, buckets and backpacks to collect the gifts of nature. In them, the crop can be damaged, moreover, the mushrooms do not breathe there at all, which can adversely affect the taste of the product.

On a quiet hunt, there is only one rule. It says that if you are in doubt about mushrooms, you do not need to touch them. Also, when collecting, you need to know that they grow in families, that is, myceliums. And if one of them is found, his relatives are hiding nearby. They should be cut with a sharp knife along with the leg. There is one more point you need to pay attention to. Very inedible mushrooms often have a pleasant smell. Therefore, the rule of the mushroom picker again applies here - to skip an unfamiliar species.

What edible mushrooms can be collected in central Russia

Common boletus

Let's continue looking at mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory. The common boletus has a cap 5-15 cm in diameter, 3-4 cm thick, cushion-shaped, hemispherical, almost black-brown or brownish-white. The edge is solid, straight, thick. The surface is slightly wrinkled or smooth, matte, dry.

The pulp does not separate from the skin. It is fleshy, up to 2.5 cm thick, white, dense. The upper layers turn blue at the fracture, the bulk darkens or turns slightly pink. No special smell or taste. The tubes go to the edge of the cap. Their pores are round, small, creamy white or white, sometimes turning brown with aging. The leg is fusiform at a young age, thickened at the bottom, then almost cylindrical, white, solid, covered with dark brown, grayish scales. The pulp is fibrous, dense, strong. The leg turns blue with a fracture at the periphery. Mushroom picking takes place in the mountain and foothill zones (the area of the villages of Smolenskaya, Kaluzhskaya, Engelmanova glade, Kamyshanova Polyana and Goryachiy Klyuch), in deciduous and mixed forests of aspen, beech, fir, birch, pear, apple, hornbeam, hazel (hazel), on different grounds.

Edible varieties

Mushrooms in the Kuban are diverse. Rare species grow in this area.

Oyster mushroom

Mushroom of the 4th category. The taste often depends on the culinary abilities of the chef, but their combination with meat, vegetable dishes has long become a classic.

Due to the unpretentiousness of cultivation and abundant fruiting during the entire warm summer and autumn period, it is easily cultivated at home.

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With regular consumption, oyster mushrooms help to reduce the level of so-called "bad" cholesterol in human blood, normalize blood pressure and remove radionuclides. Calcium, iodine and iron compounds and other micro and macroelements, vitamins of group B, C, E, D2, PP are found in the pulp of these mushrooms. The ability to lower cholesterol levels is due to the presence in the mushroom pulp of a special compound - lovastatin, which biochemists call a natural inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis.

For mass production, we chose varieties that naturally grow on oak, willow, alder and the bark of weak, ailing deciduous trees.

Oyster. The hat is curled downwards, the diameter reaches 5-25 cm. The color range is creamy-beige, with a delicate mushroom smell. In its natural environment, it grows by the end of May, bears fruit until September, but under favorable conditions - until frost.
Carob-shaped. A distinctive feature is a hat curved upward in a ripe state, fan-shaped or lingual. The color is not uniform, different shades of beige lighten at the edges.
Oak. The shades of gray that are characteristic of this type of cap depend on the wood, moisture and place of growth. The shape is lamellar, semicircular, the edges are wavy or serrated. The size rarely exceeds 15 cm, the surface of young specimens is covered with a white-gray bloom, which is simply peeled off.

Green mushrooms

They grow as single individuals on the edges of coniferous forests, sometimes deciduous. They choose well-lit areas, sometimes they are among shrubs, anthills, old stumps. They are considered healthy and tasty; the visible ground part is suitable for consumption.

Main characteristics:

there are olive-brown, gray, yellow or greenish;
the length of the legs is 10-12 cm, the circumference is up to 15-17 cm;
only the area of pressure on the cap turns blue;
unripe pulp smells like dried fruit, the structure is dense, the old one becomes more porous, friable.

Before cooking, you need to remove the skin, raw can only be consumed young specimens - if the "age" is unknown, be sure to boil for 10-15 minutes.

Granular oil

They got the name from specific milky-white drops that protrude on the inner whitish-yellow surface and stem in wet weather. Their size is 1-2 mm, when dry, they become dense, brownish-brown.

People with poor digestion and gastrointestinal diseases can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, so the first tasting should be done carefully, without overusing the product.

Description:

the flesh of a young butter dish is soft, with a nutty-fruity aroma, overripe fibers become coarse, excessively saturated with moisture;
the circumference of a smooth cap without a cover is up to 10-12 cm, the color of the cut remains unchanged;
the skin is easily peeled off, during the rains it becomes covered with sticky mucus.

The fruiting period is short - from early June to July. The collection sites are near coniferous trees, the edges of young plantings, rare forests with sandy, loose limestone soil. Granular butterflies grow, as a rule, in groups.

It is recommended to peel the skin before cooking, it turns black after heat treatment.

Entoloma garden

Entoloma tastes like oyster mushrooms

Grows in mixed, deciduous forests, often mycelium grows in gardens under apricots, plums. The harvesting season is mid-spring and early summer.

Experienced mushroom pickers recommend that the first 3 years do not cut the crop that has grown in the garden plot, allowing the mycelium to grow enough.

Characteristics of the rose-colored plate:

the body is grayish-brown, the smell is mild, mealy;
the taste is predominantly neutral, there is a resemblance to oyster mushroom;
considered conditionally edible, requires mandatory cooking for 15-20 minutes;
the surface is silky, glossy, later covered with dark brown scales;
plates are sparse, uneven edges of different widths;
a curved, cylindrical leg is often twisted.

An unripe specimen is similar to some poisonous mushrooms: pressed entoloma, tin, spring. The first symptoms of intoxication appear 30 minutes after consumption, the condition requires urgent hospitalization.

Grabovik

In appearance, the fruiting body of the fungus is similar to the common boletus. The second (Russian name) is gray obabok. They are collected from early July to November. The maximum size of spherical caps is 20 cm, the color varies from light hazel to dark brown.

The surface is soft, velvety, with irregularities. Hard fibrous legs are rarely used, they do not darken when cut - this can be distinguished from inedible bitterness. Loose pulp, on the other hand, when broken, rapidly changes its color from pink to inky purple.

The club-shaped leg is densely covered with light scales, which darken when ripe. At home, mushrooms are grown from April to October near deciduous trees.

Grabs grow well on heavy peat with high acidity, require frequent watering in order to accelerate the growth of myceliums, you can add 10 g of sugar per 10 liters of water.

Violet lacquer

Grows in mossy spruce forests, bears fruit in August and early autumn after 1-2 years. It is considered a rare species that is threatened with extinction, but is not listed in the Red Book.

The uniform amethyst shade of the cap and stem comes in different intensities. The pulp is elastic, not fragile, thickened plates, rarely located.

The circumference is 5-6 cm, in the young it is hemispherical, bell-shaped, the surface is matte, smooth. The dry period discolours the mushroom, and with rains it regains its purple color, filling with moisture.

There is no pronounced taste, therefore varnish is used to decorate festive dishes - heat treatment does not destroy the coloring pigment.

White mushroom

The diameter of the circle reaches from 4 to 50 cm, the barrel-shaped stem is predominantly short, occasionally grows up to 20 cm. The cap of immature specimens is dome-shaped, but flattens over time, losing volume.

The age of the fungus can also be determined by the color of the cap - the older the mushroom, the darker it is, and its surface is more rough.

Myceliums bear fruit with the appearance of persistent spring heat until late autumn, if weather conditions permit. Boletae growing in the Krasnodar Territory:

reticulated boletus - is rare, has characteristic veins on the stem, grows in summer;
spikelet - fruiting body of a light cream shade, grows in groups under birches, broken, it quickly turns blue;
oak - the body is club-shaped, brown-gray with whitish spots of various sizes, the structure is fragile, loose;
spruce - the leg is half covered by a net, the surface is reddish-brown, lives in coniferous forests.

There is an interesting pattern that often safe whites settle near fly agarics. To assimilate ready-made dishes without difficulty, it is recommended to pre-dry them.

Chanterelles

Chanterelles have medicinal properties

They have antibacterial properties and amazing resistance to helminth damage due to a special substance. For this reason, they are widely used in alternative medicine, helping to fight worms.

The mushroom body is bright yellow-orange shades, the shape of the top is wavy, funnel-shaped, the edges are concave. Strong pressure provokes redness.

Less common is the brown-gray variety. The edge of the cap is uneven, wavy, grows in mixed forests from mid-summer to late October. They often enter into symbiosis with spruce, pine, oak, hornbeam, and tend to grow in witch circles. Few mushroom pickers know that the gray chanterelle is edible. therefore, many avoid collecting it.

Honey mushrooms are real

Honey mushrooms are nutritious and useful representatives of the mushroom kingdom, their use prevents diseases of the cardiovascular system, heals diseases of the thyroid gland. The bactericidal property has long been noted: fresh skin heals cuts and minor burns.

The most valuable are immature specimens of a light honey-brown hue. The leg is 10-15 cm long, the rounded cap is bent downwards.

Autumn. They settle on old stumps, infect the wood of weakened deciduous trees. Fruiting begins at the end of August, on the surface of the stem there is a pronounced ring of light color. Sometimes they are found in winters with little snow.
Summer. The light brown top is smooth, there is a veil, it is not covered with dark scales from top to bottom. The pulp of a woody aroma becomes transparent during the rainy season.

Common boletus

The cap is spherical, dark brown, reaches 15-17 cm, the consistency is fragile, loose. The white flesh does not change color at the cut site. It grows from mid-May to early October, less often they are found next to conifers. After boiling, they darken, therefore, in order to maintain an aesthetic appearance, they must first be soaked in a weak vinegar solution for 30 minutes.

The fungus is often confused with "bilious": the difference lies in the reddening of the double with light pressure and a bitter taste.

Caps can be collected from overripe specimens if they are dense enough. You can store them in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.

On the basis of boletus, they prepare cosmetics that smooth wrinkles, preparations that remove acne.

Morel is real

It is listed in the Red Book, which does not prevent connoisseurs of mushroom delicacies from continuing to collect it from the end of April to June - during the period of increased rainfall.

The cap is gray or brownish in color, reaching 4-8 cm in diameter. The shape is egg-shaped, not clearly outlined, the cellular structure of the cap is devoid of regularity in the drawing. The consistency of a conditionally edible type is wax-like, boiled without spices and has no taste peculiarities.

The growing area is quite wide: coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests, wetlands, willows and bushes.

It is appreciated by gourmets due to its specific earthy-mushroom aroma and the possibility of using it in medicine - it improves the state of the immune system, removes toxins.

Truffle white

Having no equal value in comparison with the classic black truffle, it is still ranked as a noble variety, boasting a list of indisputable advantages.

Qualitative characteristics:

strong resinous nutty aroma resembles the smell of fried sunflower oil;
overripe are valued higher, older specimens have a characteristic taste of meat;
grows singly at a depth of up to 10 cm near aspen, hazel, birch or pine trees.

The fruit body is elastic, lumpy, vaguely similar to a potato. In section, light yellow with clear brown streaks. It does not bear fruit every year, from early June to mid-October.

Common champignon

In natural conditions, it is often found, appears in early May, bears fruit until the end of September. Growing, the mycelium can form large "witch" circles in the center of which even grass does not grow (or very badly).

Places of mass growth are located in sufficiently illuminated areas - fields, meadows, forest edges, high-quality manured areas - near cattle farms. The color range of the fruiting body is uniform, whitish or light gray. With aging, it darkens, becomes covered with scales.

Mushrooms need sunlight

In a young form, the plates are completely covered with a veil, which opens as it matures. They are pale, pinkish brown. After cutting, the pulp evenly darkens, pressure does not lead to color change.

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The common champignon species is often called meadow mushroom and peppermint. This species is absolutely not afraid of severe droughts or prolonged frosts - the mycelium is able to survive even in the most unfavorable weather conditions. Crop in one place for a number of years can be harvested 3-4 times a year.

Widespread cultivation prevents poisoning by the very similar pale toadstool, which is missing the veil.

Hericium yellow

But you can find not only the mushrooms listed above in the Krasnodar Territory. There is also a yellow hedgehog. Its cap is 5-12 cm in diameter, convex, thick, mostly uneven, pink-yellowish or yellowish. The edge is most often wavy, irregular, thick. The skin does not come off at all. The pulp is fleshy, thick (corky for old age), white. The smell and taste are mushroom, pleasant. The hymenophore consists of spines. The spines are very fragile, thin, pinkish. The leg is usually curved, narrowed towards the base, cylindrical, less often central, more often eccentric, solid, creamy or whitish. The flesh is the same color as the flesh of the caps. It grows in the mountain and foothill zones (the area of the villages of Krepostnaya, Kaluzhskaya, Kamyshanova Polyana, Goryachiy Klyuch, between Lake Kardyvach and Krasnaya Polyana stanitsa Zelenchukskaya, between Psebay and Psebay). Mushrooms can be found in coniferous (pine, fir), deciduous and mixed forests.

Dangerous mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory

As you can see, edible mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory are incredibly numerous, almost every mushroom picker is waiting for autumn to collect as much harvest as possible. But beginners should be on the lookout, since poisonous species are also found in the woods of the Kuban, which are doubles of edible mushrooms. The most famous poisonous mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory are pale toadstools and fly agarics.

Amanita muscariae are easily recognized by their characteristic colored caps - reddish color with white spots. And their legs are thin, white.

Dangerous mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory - fly agaric

Pale toadstool, as the name suggests, has a pale gray color. The shape of her cap is domed. A distinctive feature of the pale toadstool is a translucent ring on a thin stem.

Another poisonous mushroom also grows in the Krasnodar Territory, it is called the satanic mushroom. His cap has a cushion shape of a pale gray color. The lower edge of the cap is reddish. The leg of the satanic mushroom is extremely fragile, yellow-orange in color.The flesh of this mushroom is white, reddening or blue at the cut.

Pig mushrooms are also common in the Kuban. Until the 80s, they were classified as conditionally edible, it was believed that they could be used as food after prolonged processing. But these mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory are now recognized as poisonous. The pigs contain a dangerous poison that has a detrimental effect on red blood cells. After consuming pigs, renal failure and death can occur.

Dangerous mushrooms of the Krasnodar Territory - pigs

Pigs are also called pigs and cowsheds. These are mushrooms with yellow-brown caps that grow in areas with high humidity.

Spend more time in nature, engage in exciting mushroom picking, but remember, if you have doubts about the edibility of a mushroom, in no case should you put it in a basket!

Morel is real

We continue to look at mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory. This species has a hat 4-8 cm high, 3-5 cm wide, brownish, ovoid. The edge generally grows together with the leg completely. Cellular surface, rounded cells. The pulp is brittle, waxy, white. The smell and taste are mushroom, pleasant.

The leg is 4-9 cm high, up to 3 cm thick, slightly curved or straight, even, cylindrical, whitish-yellowish, hollow. It is eaten fresh (stewed, fried). It certainly requires preliminary processing, since it is easy to confuse it with a conditionally edible line.

Poisonous specimen

One of the dangerous representatives of the mushroom is the pig. Until some time, it was considered conditionally poisonous and was used in cooking. The pig was consumed after a long preparation. It included 72 hours of soaking in water, then heat treatment in the form of boiling for one hour.

Poisonous and edible autumn field mushrooms of Crimea

Today the pig is officially recognized as a poisonous mushroom. It contains a hazardous toxin that destroys red blood cells and causes acute renal failure. Its use can be fatal.

Therefore, when going to the forests of the Kuban, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the appearance of potentially dangerous mushrooms.

Truffle white

This fruiting body is rounded, irregular in shape, mainly with tubercles or folds, resembling a walnut or potato tuber. Size 4-10 cm (greatly reduced when dry), weight - up to 500 g. Grayish-white surface, then light brownish, smooth, fractured in old age. Fleshy flesh, white at a young age, then grayish-yellowish. It has a marble pattern on the cut with sinuous dark lines where the bags are located. Fruit body at a young age without aroma, while ripening has a pleasant, fairly strong mushroom taste and aroma.

Mushroom Sites Map

The map of Krasnodar Territory and Adygea is rich in mushroom areas, annually gathering many amateurs and professional hunters.

Consider in the table where you can go on warm spring and winter days.

Oyster mushrooms,

boletus

chanterelles

truffle

garden entoloma

To make your searches more successful and safer, experts recommend going to the harvest with experienced gatherers.

Common champignon

The cap of this mushroom is about 5-10 cm, convex, hemispherical, flat-convex, gray-brownish or white, does not change when pressed. The edge is curved, then straight, solid, even, thin. Smooth surface, the skin from the pulp is easily separated. The pulp is dense, fleshy, white, slightly pink at the break. The smell and taste are mushroom, pleasant. Plates are frequent, free, at first pink, then brownish, brownish and, finally, dark brown, almost black. They are not recommended for use at this age. The plate has a solid edge.

The leg is curved or straight, cylindrical, central, narrowed to the base or even, solid, thickened, smooth, whitish, matte, dry. The color does not change when pressed. Bedspread in the form of a white, single-layer, fixed ring located on a leg. In this case, the general blanket is absent.

Have the mushrooms gone what they write on the forum?

For 2020, nothing has been written yet, since the mushroom season here begins in early spring. First, mushroom pickers go for the most frost-resistant types of mushrooms that can bear fruit even at low temperatures, later on the mushroom glades you will see more competitors, which means that closer to summer the number of germinating edible trophies increases.

Mushrooms of Adygea 2020 forum is a great place for those beginners who need the help of experienced mushroom pickers who need to know the main coordinates of hot spots, other useful tips and landmarks.