ᐉ How to get rid of fungus on apple trees - how to treat fungus on trees?

Definition

Sooty fungus is a type of mold that develops on the basis of nectar or the natural secretions of aphids, scale insects and other pests. In such conditions, a fungus begins to develop, the spores of which are always in the ground.
Affected leaves look like they are covered with a layer of soot, which gives the disease its name. At the same time, gradually developing, the sooty fungus can infect not only the foliage, but even the branches and trunk of the plant.

Reasons for the appearance

Spores of a sooty fungus are always in the soil, they can safely winter under the bark of trees, without causing any harm to the culture. The disease begins to develop due to a large accumulation of waste products and the secretion of parasites such as aphids, larch, mealybug.

They are a breeding ground for the disease and provoke its awakening. It is for this reason that experienced gardeners recommend fighting not only the sooty fungus, but also pests that form a nutrient-rich environment for its development.

There are the following reasons for the appearance of mold:

The presence of a wound on a tree is a direct road to fungi.
Excessive humidity and heat.
The appearance of moisture on the bark as a result of untimely or insufficient pruning of the garden, insufficient ventilation is not created.
Not carrying out preventive actions: pruning trees, spraying against diseases and pests before budding and after, using sprinkling when watering, monitoring the condition of trees, whitewashing trunks from burns when exposed to the sun.

Preventive measures

To protect the apple tree from fungal infections, you need to regularly monitor the condition of the tree. We must not forget about sanitary care, pruning, processing sections and damaged bark, constantly feeding.

Important! It is especially important to whitewash tree trunks in the spring. You can even whitewash the main branches. This procedure will require lime (2 kg per 10 liters of water). You can also add 100 g of copper sulfate to this.

The fungus takes a long time to cure

Treating fungal infections is a protracted process that requires a lot of time, patience and expense.

It is not always possible to save an infected tree, especially at an advanced stage, therefore gardeners recommend a number of preventive measures to prevent the development of this disease.

Pruning

To avoid the appearance of fungus, regular and annual pruning is shown - it ensures full air circulation inside the crown.

In early spring, before the start of sap flow, all branches and shoots that are affected by diseases, pests and frosts are cut out. Also, shrunken and broken off areas are subject to cutting to healthy tissue.

Trees are re-pruned in the fall to avoid fungal spores in the wood.

The crown is thinned out - the branches that grow inside it and those that develop at the wrong angle are removed. After that, the lower part of the trunk and skeletal branches are whitewashed.

Some pests, such as aphids and ants, leave behind sweet excrement, a breeding ground for sooty fungus.

To prevent their invasion, traps are set in the near-trunk zone - they are pasted over with tape, smeared with a sticky substance.It is also advisable to attract beneficial insects and birds that love to feast on these parasites.

The soil around the apple trees is disinfected with a solution of urea (7%) or ammonium nitrate (10%). Two days after irrigation, a deep digging of the garden is carried out.

Fertilizers

Improving immunity through a balanced diet of organics and minerals reduces the risk of contracting fungal infections.

Fertilized several times per season:

in early spring, a bucket of compost or rotted manure is added to 1 m²;
at the beginning of flowering and two weeks after it, a mixture of superphosphate (100 g) and potassium sulfate (80 g) is used for each tree;
at the stage of pouring the fruits, as well as in the fall a month before the onset of cold weather, re-feeding is carried out with the same composition as in the budding phase.

It is then watered abundantly to improve the absorption of nutrients.

Preparing for winter

They clean the garden from fallen leaves, carrion, and vegetation remnants;
Digging and whitewashing of the trunks;
At the end, mulch with a thick layer of humus or garden soil.

Young plantings up to three years old require crown insulation - it is covered with cardboard boxes, roofing felt or wrapped in burlap. So the apple trees will not freeze over the winter and remain highly resistant to infection.

"Successful Wednesday" - we treat apple trees from fungus (Biysk television)

What to do with lichen and moss in trees?

How to save an apple tree | The apple tree has turned black, the bark is falling off - how to cure?

Lichen on the trunk of an apple tree, photo

When mold appears on a tree, it is important to find out the cause of the defeat, what mistakes were made. This is the only way to overcome the fungus and save the garden from danger. It is important to determine the line of treatment. Although young apple trees are less susceptible to attack, the fungus can overcome them too.

It is easier to treat young trees, it is necessary to carry out treatment with active chemicals, not paying attention to the timing of fruit collection. Bordeaux liquid and other preparations containing copper are used. These include: "Skor", "HOM", "Topaz".

Adult trees with an ovary can be treated with a solution of soda (170 g per 15 l). If, after processing, the tree throws off its fruits, it's not scary. It will be easier for him to endure the winter, having given the harvest. In autumn, trees must be rejuvenated as much as possible and the trunks must be whitened.

On the roots

Most often, the root is not affected by mold. It can be infected with bacteria that can cause black cancer, the most dangerous disease.

When mold appears on the trunks of the apple tree, you must:

first you need to determine the degree of damage: open the bark with a knife, if it falls off well, has a brownish tint, friability, eggs or larvae are present - the affected area is extensive, it is necessary to treat the tree;
thoroughly clean with a scraper, spatula, brush;
collect and incinerate waste;
spray with a copper-based preparation;
it is recommended to wipe the trunk and large branches with the composition: ash, salt, grated household soap (6: 1: 1 parts) and boil.
disinfect with protective putty.

On leaves and branches

For the preservation of foliage and branches, you must:

In the spring, before the first leaves appear, treat the ground and the tree itself with chemicals: copper sulfate, 1% DNOC, Nitrafen (400 g per 15 liters).
In the last days of April, treat with Bordeaux liquid 4%, copper oxychloride or cuproxate. In case of damage with powdery mildew it is recommended to treat it with the preparation "HOM".
During the formation of buds and after the flowering process, Bordeaux liquid of 1% concentration is used.
After 20 days after flowering, the tree is treated with a suspension of flatan, zineb or captan.
To avoid re-infection next year, it is recommended to collect fallen leaves and dig up the ground.

Some gardeners recommend using traditional methods, but if severely affected, they may be ineffective. Process with chamomile, ash and garlic infusion. They are harmless, they are an excellent remedy for aphids.

On the fruits

Apples can be affected by fruit rot. In this case, not only fruits are affected, but also foliage. It is a very dangerous disease, since it is discovered after the flowering process, when spoiled fruits appear on the tree. Rot affects apples before they are ripe. The most optimal solution to the problem is to prevent the disease. It is necessary:

make preventive treatment using Nitrafen emulsion 220 g per 10 l of liquid, DNOC - 200 g per 10 l, colloidal sulfur suspension - 120 g per 10 l;
collect the affected fruits and destroy them, disposal takes place away from the garden;
carry out preventive inspection and processing of the tree, the trunk must be free of cracks.

It is not so easy to grow a strong apple tree, capable of presenting delicious fruits to its owner every year.

You need to carefully look after young seedlings, cut off excess branches and plant new ones so that the tree's yield increases.

However, with proper care, it is not always possible to save fruit trees from diseases that develop due to a variety of unforeseen factors.

But still it is quite capable of carrying out preventive measures and in advance to stock up on knowledge about diseases of apple and pear trees, their treatment.

Lichen appearance

Weakened apple trees with cracked bark, with frozen wood, which are poorly ventilated due to a too dense crown, are often affected by lichen.

It can be recognized by the lamellar bloom on the tree in the form of silvery, yellow or blue-green scales. Lichens are algae and fungi that get along well together.

Conditions for the growth of lichen

Conditions favorable for the growth of lichens are sufficient sunlight and humidity, characteristic of tree trunks. Lichens reproduce by spores carried by the wind and by algal cells on myceliums carried by rain or wind.

Useful properties of lichen

Do not worry if the apple tree is covered with lichen quite a bit. Some gardeners believe that it even protects the apple tree from other fungi. But it is worth taking appropriate measures if the lichen has grown.

In this case, it must be removed, because due to the accumulation of such "living creatures" on the bark, air does not flow to the apple tree trunk. And this can provoke drying of the branches. In addition, scale insects and other pests often settle under the lichen.

The bark of apple trees is an ideal habitat for the body of mushrooms if the humidity is too high. On an apple tree, lichen does not appear at all from the old age of the tree, as is often believed.

The main causes of the disease:

thickening of the branches of the crown;
suppression of the root system;
freezing or sunburn of wood.

All this does not directly damage the apple tree, but as a result, the respiratory pores of the tree are blocked and insect pests settle in the pores of the apple tree. Therefore, it is necessary to fight lichen.

Method 1

When the tree is at rest - in early spring or late autumn - it is necessary to clean the trunk by removing the lichen from it with a wooden stick or a stiff brush.

Do it in wet weather.

Method 2

Another way to remove lichen from an apple tree is to grease the lichen with a special mixture of clay and slaked lime and remove the mass completely after it dries.

After cleaning the tree, spray the trunk and branches using a solution of oxalic acid or 3% ferrous sulfate.

In terms of the timing of the treatment of damaged apple trees, there are no special recommendations.

Prophylaxis

The problem of lichen damage must be taken into account with each processing of apple trees or pruning of garden trees.As you know, the best treatment is prevention.

Common fungal infections

To find out reason, why mushrooms grow on the apple tree, establish the correct diagnosis and begin treatment at the very beginning of his education - this is already half the success.

Let's dwell on the most dangerous and common fungal infections that form on stems.

Black cancer

Manifested by the appearance of yellowish brown or black stains on the bark.

Before starting treatment, it is required to determine the cause of the blackening. trunk.

Causative agent of the disease characterized by rapid reproduction and spread of the disease throughout the trunk, including branches of the second order.

First spots appearwhich then dry out, leaving behind damaged bark, which disrupts the movement of sap and, accordingly, the tree dies.

Mostly this disease occurs on old plantings, to which for some reason always less attention is paid to care and prevention.

Black cancer on an apple tree.

How successful the treatment will be depends on the extent of its spread and focus.

As soon as the first spots appear, you need to immediately take measures to eliminate them, which is guaranteed to help cure the culture:

Clean up damaged areas with a wire brush,
Stains process their copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid.

Best of all is such a processing event hold annually, regardless of the presence of the disease.

In addition to the appearance of stains, it is widespread in gardens black cancerwhen the trunk is completely black.

It is very difficult to deal with such a problem, and in case of untimely processing it is impossible. Therefore, timeliness is so necessary treatment and prevention.

Cytosporosis

In some of the symptoms, it resembles bark cancer.

The color of the bark does not change, but appears on it blisters, which, when pressed, are separated from the barrel.

In these dying sites, black bumps, in which the foci of decay are localized.

The causes of this disease are microscopic funguswhich mainly appears on damaged areas of the trunk, cracks or places caused by thermal sunburn. It begins to release toxins that poison the bark, which spreads the infection to the entire tree.

The treatment of such a disease is reduced to spraying in the spring, until the buds of the entire crown of the trunk swell with the preparation "Hom" according to the instructions on the package.

Before flowering, spend processing copper-containing preparations (copper sulfate). And the final treatment immediately after flowering Hom.

Be sure to whitewash the stems and skeletal branches before the beginning of winter, repeating this procedure at the beginning of spring.

Plaque of green

Many gardeners have noticed the appearance of such a plaque on the trunks more than once. He does not pose a serious danger. It's starting to form lichens.

Processing of apple tree trunks.

They are easy cleaned with a brush and do not cause concern. Their appearance usually occurs on the north side, or in wet weather conditions.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to process the trunk with copper sulfate in the fall, and in the spring whitewash or paint the trunks with paint.

For guaranteed results a small amount of copper sulfate can be added to the whitewashing solution.

Features of treatment by seasons

In gardening, the following methods of combating soot fungus are used:

Removal of diseased leaves. The procedure is effective in the early stages of the development of the disease, when there are not so many affected areas. After removing them, it is imperative to burn them away from the growth of horticultural crops in order to prevent the spread of the disease to healthy plants.
Spraying with Bordeaux liquid at a concentration of 1%.For this, ordinary sprayers can be used, if the treatment area is small, and garden sprayers, which are characterized by high productivity.

Spraying with 1% copper sulfate solution also delays and stops the development of sooty fungus on plants.
It is impossible to heal the affected plant without destroying the pests that caused the appearance of the sooty fungus. For this, drugs such as "Calypso", "Fitover", "Fitosporin" are used.
Spraying with a copper-soap mixture. For its preparation, you will need 5 g of copper sulfate, 150 g of 72% laundry soap grated on a fine grater, 10 liters of water. Everything must be mixed until the vitriol and soap are completely dissolved, and then treat the plants with a spray bottle.
To destroy fungi in the soil, it is recommended to water the ground around the plant with hot water, and then cover with foil. Using this method, you must be extremely careful, because you can easily damage the roots and trunk of the plant with hot water.
Spraying with a solution of soda and 72% laundry soap is allowed.

Timely started treatment can save garden plants from imminent death.

Each stage of growth requires special attention and prevention and treatment.

In autumn

It is important to hold such events:

collect and dispose of rotten fruits, affected bark and foliage;
after harvesting, spray with the "Capture Oil" solution (40 ml) and copper sulfate 500 g per 10 liters;
in November, whitewash the trunk with the following solution: lime, clay, water (2: 1: 7 parts).

In the spring

In spring, the chances of stopping the formation of diseases are higher. If you process the apple tree skillfully and on time, the fruits will be whole. The preparations used in the spring will disintegrate and not harm.

A phased processing scheme looks like this:

Before bud opening in the first half of March. It will allow you to eliminate hibernating pests and prevent diseases. You can apply "Capture Oil" (170 ml) and "Gart" (35 g) for 12 liters. Or prepare Bordeaux liquid: copper sulfate (120 g) and quicklime (210 g) per 12 liters. Such treatment is effective against diseases.
Before and during budding in the last days of March - in the first of April. Pests wake up, and it is also another effective mold prevention. It is recommended to carry out the treatment with Bordeaux liquid (more than 2 weeks have passed since the last spraying) or ash solution. The drug "Guard" (3 ml per 5 l) is very effective in treating fungal diseases. During flowering, the apple tree is not sprayed so as not to harm the bees. But if the weather is wet and warm for a long time, the risk of developing mold increases. It is recommended to apply "Fundazim" 12 g per 5 liters.
After flowering to prevent powdery mildew, scab. Folk methods: ash infusion. Of the preparations, the result will be given: a mixture of "Antigusin" (4 ml), "Boxwood" (3.5 ml), "Capture Oil" (45 ml) and "Antiklesch Pro" (12 ml).

Diseases become active at any time, therefore, one should not be limited to one-time spraying.

Preventive measures against fungus

Preventive measures against fungal pathogens require high-quality garden crop care.

Pruning

The best measure to prevent the appearance and development of fungus is regular pruning of trees, allowing air currents to move freely inside the crown.

In the spring, the branches are cut until the buds swell. This allows you to create additional protection against pests, all new wounds must be lubricated with garden varnish, which prevents infections and fungal spores from penetrating through them;
In autumn, as a preventive measure for the settlement of mushroom spores, which remain for the winter, trees rejuvenate. To do this, the crown is thinned as much as possible and protected by whitewashing their boles.

Pest control

Insect pests contribute to the spread of fungal diseases, therefore, traps are set in the apple orchard, and also attract their natural enemies - birds and beneficial insects.

Chemical treatment

At the same time, prophylactic spraying with Bordeaux liquid with a concentration of 3% or other means of complex action allows you to effectively combat the appearance of fungus and pests. At the same time, it is recommended to process the trunk circles.

The soil is disinfected with urea with a concentration of 7% or ammonium nitrate with a concentration of 10%. After carrying out the disinfecting treatment, after 2-3 days, the soil is dug up.

Top dressing

Regular feeding increases the immunity of apple trees and helps them fight against the appearance of fungus. In autumn, the tree is fed with fertilizer complexes containing phosphorus and potassium.

Disease development

Fungal disease appears and develops quickly enough. Soot bloom can be detected already several weeks after the plant is damaged by parasites. In urban plantings, the mob develops almost immediately after the leaves bloom in the spring. The sooty fungus on tomatoes and other cultivated plantations develops rapidly at high ambient temperatures, the peak of its activity occurs in the hottest summer months - July and August.

Since the plant's metabolism, respiration and photosynthesis are disturbed as a result of damage, soon it dries up and dies, especially for annual crops.

Many gardeners have encountered brown spots that suddenly appeared on apple fruits, foliage and young shoots. All this is characteristic of scab - a rather dangerous disease of fruit trees, which is caused by a fungus.

This disease spreads en masse in June-July after heavy rains. At first, the fungus on the tree appears as translucent, as if from oil, spots on the foliage. Gradually, they turn gray and are covered with a brown bloom. The leaves dry up and fall off.

Other signs of scab are gray and black spots on apples, cracking of the fruit that stops pouring. Also, apples are deformed with early infection by a fungal infection. They are deformed, made one-sided.

Young ovaries often crumble. Apple orchards are more susceptible to scab infestation than others. Usually, trees are planted too densely here or weakened old apple trees are preserved.

Fungus, black cancer

To save the planting from primary infection with fungal spores, on spring days, before the leaves appear, it is necessary to spray the soil and trees with pesticides.

Should be used:

copper sulfate,
nitrafen, which is diluted at the rate of 300 grams per bucket of water,
or 1% DNOC.

At the end of April, trees need to be treated with Bordeaux liquid (3-4%), copper oxychloride or cuproxate.

During the formation of buds, as well as after flowering, a less concentrated Bordeaux liquid (1%) is used.

How is scab on an apple tree treated in summer? 3-5 weeks after flowering, the trees are sprayed with suspensions of zineb, captan, phthalan.

To prevent infection of apple trees next year, it is necessary to remove fallen leaves as soon as leaf fall ends, and plow the soil under the trees.

Powdery mildew

Speaking about pests of apple trees and treatment, powdery mildew should also be mentioned.

After prolonged rains, a silvery bloom may appear on the newly opened leaves and inflorescences of apple trees.

This is a sign of powdery mildew damage to trees. Its appearance is provoked by a fungus that hibernates in the buds of infected shoots and actively develops with the arrival of summer in dry weather.

The danger of powdery mildew is that it can dry out the foliage and inflorescences of apple trees, the shoots can stop growing, and the ovaries can crumble.

Treatment

From early spring and throughout the growing season, it is necessary to cut off apple shoots infected with the fungus.

When the tree has faded, it needs to be sprayed with Hom.

After harvesting, the apple tree is treated with iron or copper sulfate.

Instead of these funds, you can use 1% Bordeaux liquid.

After collecting the foliage that has fallen after processing, it is burned.

How to fight and how to process?

When a fungus is found on apple trees first of all it is necessary to find out

: what caused the infection, what mistakes were made? It is necessary to develop a strategy to restore the health of the garden.

Young trees are less susceptible to disease, but fungus can kill them in one season.

There is good news too - a young garden is easier to treat

immediately with strong chemicals, without regard to "waiting times before harvesting."

Besides Bordeaux

liquids, you can use all copper-containing preparations of the type:

"HOM";
"Speed";
"Topaz".

Advice!

You can try to save older trees with ovaries with a solution of baking soda (150 grams per bucket of water). Do not be alarmed if the tree sheds its fruits - this is how it saves its life. Having given a full harvest, the apple tree will not be able to survive the winter.

In the autumn

pruning these apple trees it is necessary to rejuvenate and thin out the crown as much as possible.

Do not forget to whitewash the stems.

Sooty fungus - treatment and prevention

The appearance of a sooty fungus

happens unexpectedly for the gardener - it is difficult to notice black stains on the bark.

It is impossible not to notice a raid on apples. It is too late to treat the garden from the disease.

Damage to the tree with these diseases happens for several reasons

Untreated wounds with garden pitch;
Leaf-gnawing and sucking insects (aphid, honeydew);
Incorrect pruning of the tree - thickened crown.

Routine planned gardening works at the same time the best prevention

treatment of sooty fungus on an apple tree.

It makes no sense to dwell on the need to use a garden varnish separately. Pruning your garden regularly in spring and fall should be the rule

And all preventive treatments of the garden from fungal diseases and pests will not allow you to lose crops due to aphids.

They protect well from the appearance of insects

Insect traps set in time, trapping belts, attracting birds and predatory insects.

Prevention measures

In order not to have to carry out treatment for a sooty fungus, it is necessary to engage in disease prevention. For this, the following measures are applicable:

Preventive spraying of plants with "Fitosporin", "Calypso" and other antifungal drugs. It is usually carried out in the spring, when the first leaves are blooming, and also in the middle of summer, when the chances of being affected by the fungus are highest.

To prevent the spread of the disease, it is necessary to promptly cut off the infected leaves and burn them away from fruit and vegetable crops.
In the fall, before planting plants, you can treat the soil and garden tools with a solution of copper sulfate.
It is recommended to change the growing places of different crops annually, this has a positive effect not only on the subsequent yield, but also reduces the risks of many diseases, including soot fungus.
To prevent the development of fungal diseases, it is important to prevent waterlogging of the soil, as well as to thin out too dense tree crowns.

Sooty fungus affects not only garden plants, but also indoor plants, therefore, when buying a new flowerpot, you must put it in a two-week quarantine in another room. This is necessary in case the plant is affected by diseases that can be transmitted to healthy flowers.

Also prevents the development of many diseases, including fungal, frequent inspection of the state of plants. This helps to identify the problem in a timely manner and solve it at the initial stage of development.

In the garden, it is necessary to carefully remove the weeds that grow between the beds, as they can cause pests.

With small foci of blackening, it is sometimes enough to remove the blackened leaves or just wash off the soot.

To protect your garden from mold damage, it is important to take proper care right away:

do sanitary cleaning: cut off dead branches;
process the sections with dissolved iron sulfate;
remove and burn foliage in the fall;
spray with agents that have a wide range of effects: "Vectra", "Skor", "Cumulus", Bordeaux liquid.

Growing a garden is a rather painstaking business, despite the unpretentiousness of apple trees. It is important to thoroughly monitor the condition of the tree, its trunk, carry out preventive treatments and provide timely treatment in case of mold detection.

Types of fungus

There are several types of fruit tree fungus with different descriptions, but their symptoms are the same:

the lesion site looks like a slippery speck with a fleecy bloom of white, pink, gray, red or yellowish;
the leaves begin to curl en masse, turn yellow and dry out;
the surface of apples is covered with dots, which increase in size over time, as a result, the fruit rots or hardens, cracks, falls off.

Sooty

This type of fungus prefers to parasitize on the bark of the central conductor, branches, fruits and leaves, covering all parts with a black sooty bloom.

It feeds on plant sap that flows out of the wood through wounds and cracks. Appears in places of sweet secretions of harmful insects - aphids, ants.

When damaged, the leaves begin to crumble en masse even at the stage of development, contain dark spots on the surface, and lose marketability. The shelf life of the crop with such a disease is significantly reduced.

White

At the initial stage of the lesion, porcini fungi appear on the foliage in the form of a whitish powder. After a while, this plaque takes on a brown tint.

As a result, the leaves stop growing, the branches dry out, there is poor flowering and no fruit on the apple tree.

Lichen

This species does not harm the apple tree - it does not form roots, does not eat into the wood of trees, and does not feed on its sap.

But its appearance is a sure sign of the presence of harmful insects or diseases, due to which the apple tree loses its strength, decorative effect and productivity.

Red

Signs of a red fungus infection are the appearance of reddish-brown growths on the branches and the central conductor. In places of parasitism, the wood dies off, and later becomes covered with tubercles of black, whitish or gray color with thin mushroom threads.