How to treat chlorosis on grapes with iron vitriol, what to do and how to process

This year I often saw the picture: among the luxurious green crown of trees and shrubs, here and there, like candles, the highlighted tops of the shoots are "burning". This is chlorosis. Most of us know about chlorosis from the lessons of school biology. I remember that this is a lack of iron ... But chlorosis is an ambiguous concept. And lightening of foliage does not always mean a lack of iron. What is chlorosis, what our plants lack in chlorosis and how to provide them with competent assistance, we will tell in the article.

Chlorosis is different. The photo shows iron deficiency in a plum. <оксана>

What is dangerous

When selecting seedlings of grape varieties that have a weak immunity to yellow mosaic and common fungal and viral diseases, even with the onset of non-infectious chlorosis, the entire bush may die.

For disease-resistant shoots, a strong chlorotic lesion threatens:

• discoloration or discoloration of the leaves;
• drying of the tops of the shoots;
• lack of fruit.

For your information! With repeated treatments of plants with chemical compositions with a high content of microelements, the yield of plants affected by chlorosis of grapes will be lost or reduced due to crushing of the berries and their shedding.

Apple chlorosis: photo, reasons for development

Apple chlorosis: photo

The yellowing of the leaves can begin at the very tip of the shoots. This will be a sure sign that the soil is deficient in some trace elements, primarily iron. Also, the reason may be that the apple tree itself cannot normally perceive these components, and because of this, similar symptoms appear. One way or another, this becomes one of the obvious reasons why chlorosis is formed on the plant in the future. The second reason is that the plant lacks nitrogenous compounds. Because of this, on the lower part of the branches, the leaves become completely pale, colorless and lifeless. The third reason why chlorosis develops is that young apple trees still do not have enough strength and ability to develop and take all the most necessary and nutrients directly from the soil, which is why they are deficient and, as a result, develop very dangerous diseases that can lead to further death of the plant.

With a lack of manganese or magnesium, the tree begins to undergo the development of the so-called spotted chlorosis. Also, this form of the disease can develop due to the fact that there is an excess of lime in the soil, and then the tree simply cannot withstand such an imbalance. Development and growth slow down noticeably, which leads to the fact that the tree, in principle, begins to turn yellow, dry out. You shouldn't even think about any fruiting and talk about it - it becomes impossible, since due to an imbalance, normal ovaries simply do not form. It is more clearly better to consider a photo of apple trees that have been affected by chlorosis, since it is always easier to see in the picture the various signs and forms of the development of this disease.

Also, the crown can generally turn yellow very sharply, not a single fresh and green leaf will remain on it.This is due to the fact that there is a meager amount of sulfur and oxygen in the soil, and the tree simply has nowhere to feed on these necessary substances and components. In particular, this can happen with an apple tree if the gardener is not very careful about choosing a place for planting and is rather dismissive of preparing the soil. Too heavy soils lack ventilation, they are heavy, not saturated with oxygen, and because of this, the tree that is in them runs the risk of becoming infected or acquiring a dangerous disease, in particular chlorosis.

At the same time, experienced gardeners urge: it is possible to determine the cause of chlorosis only at the very first, early stages of this disease. Then the affected area becomes more and more, signs of some other lesions and infections may appear, and as a result, sometimes it is not possible to correctly identify the disease. Leaves and shoots are quickly affected, chlorosis can be disguised as other diseases. In general, the more neglected the form, the less chances that the gardener will cope with the disease completely, and that there will be positive dynamics in the state of the tree. It is also important to emphasize that chlorosis is, in general, a non-infectious disease, so it is quite simple to cure it. For this, the tree and soil should be provided with those components that they lack so much for normal development, and after that the tree will feel much better, the disease will gradually recede. But, again, you should pay attention to the fact that only if a disease is detected at an early stage, it is possible to defeat it. If the form is completely neglected, then usually the tree gradually dies, and it is no longer possible to reanimate it with any substances and methods.

There is also a viral form of chlorosis, and in this case mainly stone fruit crops - cherries, plums or raspberries - are affected. The apple tree rarely suffers from viral chlorosis, but nevertheless it is worth paying attention to the course of the disease and its main signs, since today many diseases mutate, even those cultures that previously seemed to be out of the risk zone and any damage are beginning to infect ... There are also certain symptoms by which it can be determined that the plant has been affected by chlorosis. You should also pay great attention to it. Symptoms of infectious diseases are sometimes very similar to the symptoms of chlorosis, consider similar infectious diseases in order to be able to recognize and distinguish symptoms and, accordingly, reduce the risk of bacteria contamination of your apple trees.

Types of disease

Purely schematically, chlorosis can be divided into three types:

• non-infectious, caused by iron deficiency;
• infectious, it is provoked by the yellow mosaic virus;
• edaphic, related to the quality of the soil.

There are slightly more chlorosis subspecies due to the different chemical composition of the soils on which the grape seedlings are planted, the climatic conditions of the regions where the vine grows.

Non-infectious

Non-infectious chlorosis is not associated with pathogens, it is caused by external unfavorable factors:

• increased soil moisture;
• prolonged rains, high precipitation;
• imbalance in the chemical (mineral) composition of the soil.

Non-infectious chlorosis of grapes is diagnosed by the initial stage of leaf color change. The first yellowness appears at the edges, gradually spreading to the veins; they are the last to lose their initial color.

Types of non-infectious chlorosis:

• nitric;
• iron;
• carbonate;
• magnesium;
• sulfuric.

How to distinguish non-infectious chlorosis from infectious

For the diagnosis of non-infectious chlorosis, an iron chelate is used as a tester. It is applied to the affected sheet in a stripe.Change in color within 24 hours - the return of the green color scheme in the treated area, indicates that the form of the disease is non-infectious.

Infectious

Infectious chlorosis develops against the background of a viral disease. Most often it is a yellow mosaic, panashur, variegation, but other fungal infections of the vine can lead to chlorosis.

The change in leaf color in the infectious form of the disease of the grape bush begins with veins (in the direction from small to large). The last to turn yellow or discolor are the areas that are as far as possible from the veins. The leaves of old shoots are the first to undergo infectious chlorosis, and the disease gradually spreads to young ones.

During the flowering period of grapes on infected plants, the color of the leaves is restored. The shape and size of berries, bunches, respectively, differs from those that are typical for a healthy plant of this variety.

Infectious chlorosis of the vine is not cured. The infected vineyard is to be destroyed. Saplings after grafting are in the high-risk zone.

For your information! Grape varieties growing in the European part, without rootstock, are not susceptible to infectious chlorosis.

Edaphic

A bush disease caused by unfavorable conditions associated with the soil - excessive moisture, lack of minerals and other nutrients, blocking them from the roots of seedlings with dense layers of soil is called edaphic chlorosis.

An excess of lime in the soil is associated with a lack of iron, which causes the same symptoms of plant disease. The carbonate type of chlorosis also belongs to the edaphic category.

Reference! Edaphos - soil (translated from Greek). Edaphic - referring to the soil, generated by it or due to its influence.

Carbonate

The carbonate form of the disease is often called iron chlorosis, the lack of an element of Fe is caused by the disease. This subspecies of non-infectious lesions are more susceptible to high yields and red-fruited varieties. For their high-quality fruiting, easily digestible forms of iron are required.

Excessive carbonate content of the soil is caused by natural factors:

• alkalization of the soil;
• close occurrence to the surface of the aquifer;
• high salt content;
• mixing the humus layer with others;
• density.

All these factors contribute to the imbalance of mineral nutrition, redox regime and water-air balance.

An imbalance of minerals supplied for plant nutrition is most often observed in humus soils, calcareous soils formed in the process of destruction of calcareous rocks and marls.

There is enough iron in these soils, but lime blocks the movement of ions of zinc, boron, manganese in the direction of the root system of plants. Nutrients remain out of reach.

See also

Description of Graf Monte Cristo grapes and cultivation technologyRead

Features of chlorosis

The main symptoms of chlorosis are:

• young leaf plates turn yellow ahead of time, while the color of their veins remains green;
• foliage shrinks, which means that new leaf plates grow smaller than usual;
• the edges of the foliage begin to curl;
• flowers and leaves begin to fly around;
• the tops of the stems dry out;
• flowers and buds are deformed;
• the condition of the root system deteriorates significantly, and if the case is neglected, then they can die off.

Chlorosis can develop for various reasons. For example, there is infectious chlorosis, the causative agents of which are viruses, fungi and other pathogenic microorganisms. Various pests are considered carriers of this disease. The development of non-infectious (organic) or functional chlorosis, as a rule, is associated with non-observance of the rules of agricultural cultivation.And also those plants that are grown on unsuitable soil or in unfavorable climatic conditions can be affected by chlorosis. For example, this may be due to a deficiency in the soil of magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, iron, zinc, lime, proteins, or to the acidity level of the soil, at which the root system is unable to absorb the minerals needed by the plant. The development of non-infectious chlorosis can be caused by insufficient soil drainage, due to which there is stagnation of fluid in the root system. And the disease can also be caused by trauma to the roots, thickening of the planting or exposure to sulfur dioxide. And this disease sometimes occurs as a mutation and can be inherited, this is often used by breeders to create variegated forms of ornamental plants.

Causes and signs of the disease

Iron chlorosis can be diagnosed by the depletion of vines and shoots, which is due to the lack of one or more nutrients.

With a lack of bromine, the following symptoms are characteristic:

• Spots with a low content of chlorophyll simultaneously appear on the entire surface of the leaf.
• The cloves of the leaves dry out, crumble.
• Flowers fall without opening.
• Necrotic plaques appear on the berries,
• Fruits do not reach their normal size.

Zinc deficiency manifests itself in insufficient development of petioles and leaf blades. The leaves of the upper shoots are covered with light green spots. Loose, light soils of the carbonate type are mainly characterized by a lack of zinc.

Lack of manganese is diagnosed at the beginning of yellowing of the leaves with a toothed - extreme part, while the leaf zones adjacent to the veins remain green.

The most common nitrogen deficiency for the development of vineyards is observed on all types of soil during prolonged rains, which wash out the useful element from the soil. This is a seasonal phenomenon. When planting vines in light sandy soils, nitrogen starvation of shoots causes the following reasons:

• Stable cold days during the growing season of the plant.
• Excessive mulching with straw or sawdust.
• Lack of moisture - prolonged dry period.

Magnesium deficiency is observed in grapes growing on sandy and acidic soils, which is caused by an excess of bromine, potassium, sodium. These chemical elements block magnesium ions, preventing them from reaching the plant roots.

The rarest of chlorosis is sulfuric. It most commonly affects vineyards planted in areas with low organic nutrient content. Chlorosis is caused by phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizers used with a clear excess of the recommended norms.

Chlorosis of fruit and berry crops

Chlorosis of grapes

Many gardeners also call chlorosis on grapes pale sickness. In the affected bush, there is a gradual decrease in the ability to carry out photosynthesis, as well as a slowdown in growth and a sharp deterioration in yield.

Most often, the development of non-infectious chlorosis is associated with an alkaline reaction of the soil, because of this, the root system is not able to normally absorb iron. However, in addition to carbonate chlorosis, this culture can be affected by magnesium, sulfur, manganese, zinc or copper chlorosis. Also, the onset of the development of the disease may be associated with the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide in the soil, this is often observed on heavy soil with poor drainage, especially in cold and damp weather.

The causative agent of infectious chlorosis on grapes, which is also called yellow mosaic, is a parasitic worm nematode. But fortunately, grapes are rarely affected by such a disease.

The symptoms of foliar chlorosis are as follows: specks appear between the veins on the leaf plates, painted in various shades of yellow (from cream to lemon). Discoloration of old leaf plates is observed, while young foliage acquires a pungent yellow tint, its development stops.The foliage dries up and flies over time, internodes grow shortened on young shoots, and the fruits in clusters become smaller. In general, chlorosis has an extremely negative effect on the frost resistance of the plant. The most pronounced signs of chlorosis are seen in the springtime and in the last summer weeks.

To understand that grapes are affected by non-infectious chlorosis, any pattern with Iron Chelate is applied to the surface of its discolored leaf, after 24 hours it should appear on a faded plate with a rich green color. It will take a whole range of measures to cure non-infectious chlorosis. In order to prevent the development of this disease, one should not forget about preventive measures:

1. Experts recommend for cultivation to choose those varieties that are highly resistant to this disease, for example: Muscatel, Cabernet, Saint Laurent, Elbing, Pinot Meunier, Trollinger, Riesling, Traminer, Pinot Noir, Limberger, etc. Most of all the Sylvaner variety is susceptible to white sickness. Remember that American grapes are less resistant to chlorosis than European ones.
2. In order to significantly reduce the risk of chlorosis in bushes, it is recommended to sow crops around them that improve the chemical composition of the soil, for example: alfalfa, clover or green manure grains.

If the grapes were nevertheless affected by such a disease, then it will need to be fed with iron vitriol, and do not forget to treat the foliage with iron salts. Thanks to this, you will be able to restore normal photosynthesis, but it is impossible to completely cure plants from chlorosis in this way. In addition to the fact that the bushes need to be regularly sprayed (1 time in 7 days), it will be necessary to improve the drainage and ventilation of the soil, for this they dig up the soil in the aisles, and cover it with a layer of mulch on top. Potassium sulfate and ferrous sulfate are used to eliminate alkalization of the soil. To cure lime chlorosis, iron is used in a chelated form, the foliage is moistened from a sprayer with a solution of sulfuric acid, and ammonium sulfate is added to the soil. In springtime, add 500 g of ferrous sulfate to each plant. Also try to feed the plants with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in a timely manner, and also carry out regular foliar feeding with a solution of microelements (zinc, manganese, etc.).

If you notice symptoms of yellow mosaic on the grapes, then try to remove it from the site as soon as possible and burn it. The fact is that such a bush will give a very meager harvest, but at the same time it can infect other specimens. As a preventive measure, spray the plants and the surface of the soil near them during flowering with iron sulfate.

Chlorosis of raspberries

Raspberries can also be affected by infectious and non-infectious chlorosis, which develops due to a deficiency of certain elements or due to the unsatisfactory condition of the soil, due to which the root system is unable to assimilate the substances in the soil. The development of organic mosaics can begin, for example, if raspberries are poured over with cold water. You can recognize this disease on a plant by the following symptoms: spots of a yellow or light shade form on the leaf plate, they gradually grow and connect with each other until they completely cover the leaf. Then spots appear on the surface of the stems. If the plant is sick with viral chlorosis, then it must be dug up and burned.

In order to prevent the appearance of a viral mosaic on raspberries, the following preventive measures should be followed:

• for planting, use completely healthy planting material and it is better if it is resistant to chlorosis;
• promptly remove weeds and loosen the soil surface;
• add nutrient solutions to the soil on time;
• damp areas must be drained;
• carry out timely control of sucking pests, which are considered the main carriers of viral infections.

In the spring, before the buds open, the bushes are treated for aphids, a solution of Nitrafen (3%) is used for this, and shortly before flowering, the plants are treated with a solution of Methylmercaptophos (when preparing the solution, follow the manufacturer's instructions). Re-processing of Methylmercaptophos is carried out no later than 45 days before harvest.

To cure non-infectious chlorosis, you first need to understand why it appeared. If the development began due to alkalization of the soil, then gypsum should be added to it (per 1 square meter from 100 to 120 grams), and if the fault is excessively high humidity, then they resort to reducing watering. For irrigation, use well-settled water heated in the sun. Remember that with chlorosis, the bushes are fed mainly with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. It is highly undesirable to introduce fresh manure into the soil; the amount of potash fertilizers should also be limited (use the minimum dosage). Very effective in combating organic chlorosis is the method of introducing humus, peat, forest litter or compost into the soil. And also the raspberry can be watered with a solution of bird droppings (for 10-12 parts of water, 1 part of droppings).

Strawberry

The development of chlorosis on strawberries is due to the same as on raspberries (see above), and the symptoms of this disease in these plants are the same. For the treatment and prevention of organic chlorosis, the development of which occurs due to a lack of iron, garden strawberries are sprayed with a solution of organic live farming, for example: Ferovit or Helatin. To prepare a solution for 10 liters of water, approximately 12 milligrams of the drug are taken. It should be poured gently at the root. For spraying the foliage, a solution of ferrous sulfate is used. Immediately after the first signs of chlorosis are detected, the bushes begin to be treated and watered with products containing iron.

Most often, the development of chlorosis occurs after liming the soil, especially if too much lime has been added to it. Also, this may be facilitated by the content in the soil of a large amount of copper, since it is considered an iron antagonist. In order to know for sure that the development of the disease is caused by iron deficiency, a number should be written on the yellowed leaf plate with Iron Chelate. If the plant really does not have enough iron, then after 24 hours the drawn figure will appear rich green.

Experts do not advise treating infectious chlorosis, since there are currently no effective drugs for it, but you will lose precious time and the virus will spread to other bushes. A characteristic feature of this disease is not only yellowing of the stems and leaf blades, but also the formation of excessively short internodes. Young stems and foliage of the affected bush may form green, but this does not mean that the plant has recovered, since viral chlorosis is incurable.

Apple tree

Apple trees can also be affected by chlorosis. In this case, spots of a yellow or light shade are formed on the surface of the foliage, and the veins on the foliage remain green. After this, the dying off of the tops of the leaf plates is observed. As in the case of other crops, organic chlorosis of apple trees most often develops due to a deficiency of iron in the soil or due to the condition of the soil, due to which the root system of the plant is not able to normally assimilate this element. But before you start treating the apple tree, you need to make sure that the disease is caused by a lack of iron: in this case, the foliage begins to turn yellow from the tops of the stems. The affected tree is sprayed with Iron Chelate 2 or 3 times with an interval of 10-12 days or with such means as: Agrecol, Ferovit or Brexil.You also need to improve the composition of the soil, for this, the near-trunk circle is spilled with a solution of ferrous sulfate (100 grams per 10 liters of water). If the plant feels a very strong iron deficiency, then in this case, the trunk is injected with iron sulfate. To do this, a not very large hole is drilled in the barrel, into which the drug is poured, then the hole is covered with cement.

If the pale foliage is located at the bottom of the branches, this means that chlorosis develops due to a lack of nitrogen. In this case, fertilizers containing nitrogen are used to treat the apple tree, and it is better if they are organic. For example, you can use the following fertilizers:

1. In the affected tree, 5 kilograms of cow dung, which must be rotted, must be added to the soil of the trunk circle.
2. If the foliage in the middle of the shoots turns yellow in young apple trees, this is caused by a deficiency of potassium. In this case, potassium sulfate is added to the near-trunk circle (25 grams per 1 square meter).
3. Severe yellowing of the leaf plate between the green veins, as well as the presence of dark dots on the leaf and a necrotic border indicate that the plant lacks magnesium and manganese. Wood ash and dolomite flour are introduced into the tree trunk circle, and the foliage is sprayed with a solution of magnesium sulfate (150 grams per 10 liters of water) and manganese sulfate (0.05%).
4. If there is a general yellowing of all the foliage, then this indicates a lack of oxygen and sulfur in the root system of the plant. In this case, ammonium, potassium or magnesium sulfate, manure, gypsum, Ammofosku or humus are introduced into the soil. And to improve aeration of the roots, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil surface in the near-trunk circle and sprinkle it with a layer of mulch (organic material).

To understand why the plant got sick with chlorosis is quite simple only at the initial stage of its development. After the entire tree is completely affected by the disease, it will be very difficult to understand the cause of its development.

Viral chlorosis of apple trees is presented in two forms: chlorotic ring spot and mosaic. These two diseases are caused by different pathogens. In a tree affected by a mosaic, chloroticity is manifested both on the foliage and on the fruits, as well as on the stems, while it is represented by pronounced stripes and specks. There is a delay in fruiting and a decrease in yield by almost 2 times. With annular spotting, a point yellowing of the leaf plates appears. Small spots that have lost their green pigment form rings on both foliage and fruits. Foliage deformation and tree growth retardation are observed, shoots are also shortened, and the trunk does not become thicker. Such an apple tree becomes less resistant to frost. An interesting fact is that viral diseases, which often affect cherries, plums and raspberries, develop relatively rarely on apple trees.

Peach

The peach tree is highly susceptible to iron deficiency, and therefore it is highly susceptible to chlorosis. Initially, the foliage turns yellowish-green, after which chlorotic signs appear both on the leaf blade itself and on the veins. Over time, the entire crown is seized by chlorosis, which leads to premature flying around of the foliage, and the tops of the shoots also begin to die off. Affected peaches become less cold-resistant, and in the next season they experience a deterioration in the formation of shoots and gum flow: the bark breaks and a crack is formed, from which glue is released, the branches also dry out, and no growth is formed. The adhesive capsules are removed with a very sharp pre-disinfected knife. Next, clean the wounds and decontaminate them with a pinkish solution of potassium manganese, then rub them with sorrel foliage (horse or food) and coat them with a mixture of fresh mullein and clay (1: 1), or you can use one clay.

To cure a tree directly from chlorosis, or rather, to eliminate the iron deficiency in the soil, you should use the same methods as in the treatment of apple chlorosis.

Chlorosis control methods

Annual feeding is essential for the vineyard.Every professional grower knows how to treat chlorosis before its first manifestations based on a visual analysis of the soil. To prevent the disease associated with a lack of nutrients, root feeding is used, carried out in the spring before flowering, and foliar feeding, which is carried out in the fall.

Fertilizers to increase nitrogen levels:

• Urea is introduced in liquid form, it is well absorbed. As the main root dressing, it is applied in the spring. In autumn, the vine is sprayed with a liquid solution of urea after harvesting.
• Ammonium nitrate - ammonium nitrate completely dissolves in water, saturates the soil with easily assimilated nitrogen. In the spring it is introduced as a root top dressing, in the fall as a foliar dressing.
• Ammonium sulphate is recommended for application to soil with a high degree of moisture. This drug is practically not washed out of the soil by melt and rainwater.

Superphosphates increase the level of phosphorus in soils:

• Simple is intended for all types of soil. The fertilizer contains gypsum - a source of sulfur.
• Double - a concentrated product, its dosage in solution is three times less than a simple one.

To increase potassium levels, do:

• Potassium chloride. An exception is acidic soils.
• Potassium salt. High content of chlorine-containing substances. Used only in late autumn.
• Potassium sulfate shows the highest efficiency indicators when enriching light soils.

Combined fertilizers to saturate the soil with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium:

• "Nitrofoska".
• "Nitroammophos".
• "Azofoska".

What to do with chlorotic vines if a disease is found after the flowering period? The answer to this question is ambiguous. If the disease is caused by an infection, then the leaves and vines should be treated with fungicides.

The following are universal in the fight against yellow mosaic, anthracnose, mildew and powdery mildew:

• Bordeaux mixture.
• Inkstone.
• Colloidal sulfur.
• Lime-sulfuric infusion.

The use of these funds is recommended when the first signs of chlorosis are detected, they are applied to the entire surface of the bush - vine, leaves. They are also sprayed on a plot of land adjacent to a grape bush.

Preparations for non-infectious chlorosis are the same as those recommended for prophylactic treatment, only the dosage of active substances in the solution is greater. The fight against chlorosis of this type will be intense - from early spring to the middle of the growing season. This is the only way to save the vineyard from death and return its yield by the next season. This season, alas, it will not be possible to get a full harvest.

Chlorosis treatment

If the plant is affected by non-infectious chlorosis, then in order to cure it, the bush is fed with the missing elements. Cultures are fed both by the root method and by foliage, spraying the bushes with a solution of micronutrient fertilizers. You can also inject the nutrient mixture directly into the branches or stem.

To cure chlorosis, you need to know which drugs to use for this. If the soil has a low iron content, then the following agents are used to treat crops: Ferovit, Ferrylene, Micro-Fe or Iron Chelate. The lack of magnesium in the soil can be corrected by adding magnesium sulfate, dolomite flour, or Mag-Bor. If there is a lack of sulfur, Azofoska with sulfur, Kalimagnesia, Diammofoska with sulfur or potassium sulfate are used, please note that in addition to sulfur, such products include phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and nitrogen (remember that during flowering, it is extremely difficult to add nitrogen to the ground recommended). With a lack of zinc in the earth, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate or superphosphate with zinc are added to it. And if there is a lack of calcium, wood ash, egg shells or slaked lime are added to the soil. Remember that ammoniacal nitrogen helps to reduce the intake of calcium into plant tissues, while nitrate nitrogen enhances.

When a plant is damaged by infectious chlorosis, one must remember that it is incurable. Therefore, when a sick bush is found, it is dug up and destroyed as soon as possible, otherwise the nearby bushes may be affected by chlorosis.

Prophylaxis

In order to prevent the development of chlorosis, experts advise to timely introduce organic matter and mineral fertilizing into the soil. If you do not know which element in the soil is very small, then a complex fertilizer is introduced into it, which contains all the substances necessary for plants, for example: Florist Micro, Kemira Lux, Uniflorom Micro, etc.

The main measures for the prevention of viral chlorosis include:

• disinfection of garden tools with industrial alcohol or boiling before use, as well as after;
• disinfection of soil before planting or sowing;
• dressing seeds or planting material with solutions of a fungicidal preparation;
• timely pest control.

The use of ferrous sulfate for the treatment of grapes

Insecticide, fungicide - iron sulfate is not dangerous for plants, animals, humans. Used ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), for disinfection, plant treatment and as a fertilizer. It effectively fights chlorosis of a non-infectious nature, but is practically useless for an infectious form of the disease.

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For each particular case of plant damage, there are recommendations on how to prepare a composition for treatment in order to avoid burns to foliage and shoots. The multifunctionality of the drug lies in the fact that it is used for:

• preventive seasonal treatment;
• in the fight against insect pests and their larvae;
• treatment of fungal infections;
• accelerating the tightening of standard damage;
• enrichment of the soil with iron;
• storage processing.

Ferrous sulfate has several disadvantages. They are expressed as follows:

1. When processing plants in spring, young leaves and shoots can receive not only help in the fight against chlorosis and pests, but also burns.
2. The agent does not penetrate deeply into the tissues, the fight against fungal infections is superficial.
3. The disinfecting effect lasts no more than 14 days, which implies in the summer the treatment of shoots affected by the fungus should be carried out with an interval of 10-14 days.

Advice on how to process grapes with iron vitriol in spring:

• The first therapeutic and prophylactic spraying is carried out between the onset of stable positive temperatures until the leaves appear.
• The concentration of the fertilizing agent is less (10-20 g per 10 l of water), respectively, the processing time increases from the moment the snow melts to the appearance of 4-5 leaves on the shoot. Processing is carried out in calm dry weather.
• The introduction of a 0.5% solution into the soil is carried out during digging. The recommended rate is 100 g for each 1m2.

Chlorosis of garden crops

Chlorosis of tomatoes

An excessively slow development and growth of a tomato, as well as curling, yellowing and flying of foliage can be symptoms of an acute lack of moisture, but signs of non-infectious chlorosis also look. You can understand what kind of element tomatoes need by the following signs:

1. Lack of nitrogen - the bushes grow slowly, there is a rapid lignification of the stems, and the old leaf plates first become faded, and then turn yellow. As for the fruits, they grow small, but ripen very quickly.
2. Lack of phosphorus - there is a slowdown in the growth of the bush and the thinning of the main shoot, the foliage becomes smaller and acquires a characteristic purple hue, its edge becomes curved. Then leaf necrosis develops, and they begin to fly around.
3. Potassium deficiency - for old leaf plates, the edge looks like a burnt, later yellowing of the foliage and its flying around is observed. After that, young foliage also becomes ill with chlorosis. The inside of the fruit has black-brown stripes.
4. Lack of calcium - at first, the upper leaf plates suffer: they turn yellow, deformation of young foliage also occurs, point necrotic areas are formed on it, eventually merging with each other. Further, the fruit is damaged by apical rot.
5. Lack of copper in the soil - as a rule, this is observed when tomatoes grow on peaty soil. Gradually, the old foliage turns white, and the young leaf plates become smaller, the stems weaken, the underdeveloped flowers fly around.
6. Boron shortage - because of this, growth points can begin to die off and a lot of lateral shoots can form, which makes the plant abnormally bushy. Dry areas form on the surface of the fruit.
7. Magnesium deficiency... Greenish-yellow spots form on the surface of old foliage, which eventually turn gray and then brown. Drying and flying of foliage is observed, the fruits grow small and ripen very quickly.

In the fight against chlorosis, first you need to determine what kind of elements the tomatoes need, and add it to the soil or spray the tomatoes over the foliage with a nutrient solution that contains this element. However, if the plant is infected with viral chlorosis, then dig it up and destroy it as soon as possible, and the soil in which it grew must be spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate or a fungicidal preparation.

Chlorosis of cucumbers

Due to chlorosis in the leaf plates of cucumbers, the edge and veins turn yellow, and this is not a direct sign of iron deficiency in the soil. It is very difficult for a layman to understand the cause of the development of the disease, it is also difficult to fight it, and on this you can spend too much time and be left without a crop at all. In this regard, it is much easier and easier to prevent the development of the disease. To do this, half a month before planting seedlings or sowing seeds, plant humus is introduced into the ground, the fact is that:

• the composition of such humus contains nutrients necessary for the normal growth and development of cucumbers;
• humus will be able to convert into a soluble form those elements that the plant needs;
• in comparison with mineral fertilizer, humus does not contain substances that can harm plants.

Apply a large amount of compost to a depth of 50–70 mm, after which the soil is spilled and left for several days. Only then can you start planting seedlings or sowing seeds.

How to prepare ferrous sulfate solution

To obtain a solution with a strength of 0.5%, you need to dissolve 50 g of concentrated fertilizer crystals in 10 liters of water. Dissolve the drug in cold water heated in the sun. If this rule is followed, the characteristics of the fertilizer will not deteriorate, and a cold shower will not shock the plant. Grapes do not tolerate cold watering.

For your information: With a strong lack of iron, which caused chlorosis of grapes, the concentration of the solution of ferrous sulfate also rises to 0.5%.

The composition prepared in this proportion can be used for spraying, which will protect the grapes from infection with diseases of nearby fruit trees and their parasites.

Similar diseases

Apple mosaic - when the deciduous part of the apple tree is actively developing, with the mosaic it can change its color, and also pronounced stripes and spots appear on the leaves, which just indicate that certain changes are taking place with the plant in general, and you need to pay attention to them , in order to secure your landing from further negative development of the disease. At first, these stripes and spots become bright, yellow in color, and then they begin to fade.This suggests that the tissue on the leaves began to die off, and an irreversible negative process was launched. Affected leaves do not stay on the tree for long - they fall off over time. Chlorosis can manifest itself not only on the leaves themselves, but also its signs can be found on the shoot and on the fruits themselves. With a mosaic, fruiting can shift for several days or even weeks, and the yield is almost halved, which is felt very strongly, and not at all from the best side. If the gardener does not provide the tree with any treatment, then fruiting may disappear altogether, and the tree will stand with its sickly appearance until it completely dies on its own.

Chlorotic ring spot - this disease manifests itself as randomly located yellow spots on the leaf blades. Small spots gradually grow, because of this, the leaves cease to be green, and a ring forms on them. The leaves gradually lose their shape, they deform, fall off. The causative agent of this disease is the chlorotic spot virus of the same name. Due to the development of the disease, apples practically stop growing, and the shoots completely stop developing, due to which there is no harvest. The trunk remains thin, its circumference does not increase, which also suggests that some unnatural processes are taking place in the plant that prevent the apple tree from developing further. Both diseases that we have just described fall under the category of viral chlorosis, and these signs and symptoms should also be monitored closely. If you find them in time, then there is a great chance that this tree will be saved, and the harvest will also be restored, but already in the next season. Of course, the question immediately arises of how to treat chlorosis, what measures must be taken in order to save the plant, return it to its former majesty, restore growth, development and fruiting. In the next part of the article, we will just dwell on these questions in more detail and will try to give the most accurate and relevant answers that will help to cope with chlorosis both for beginners, and already for those who have experience in caring for apple crops, but they are still looking for new ways in order to improve the general condition of the tree, its vital activity and fruiting.

Autumn processing with iron vitriol

In anticipation of winter, grape bushes are also processed with iron sulfate. This is a necessary measure of protection against cold weather, temperature drops. The high concentration of ferrous sulfate provides a reliable covering of the plant with a protective film, which prevents not only freezing of the bush, but also the penetration of pests and fungi into it.

After the growing season until mid-November, spraying is carried out with a solution made in the proportion of 500 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. This is the norm for an adult plant.

For seedlings, the fertilization rate is reduced to 300 g FeSO4. The same solution that is prepared for the treatment of the vine is used for the treatment of the adjacent plot of land.

Attention! Before the autumn spraying, the foliage remaining on the branches is pruned and removed. This increases the efficiency of processing each branch.

Preventive actions

But there are also several preventive measures, thanks to which you can simply prevent the development of chlorosis. The most important thing is that the gardener must be able to correctly determine the soil composition, and only in this case he will understand which components are worth adding, and which components are already enough. The most important thing is to apply only those fertilizers that are really lacking, otherwise the imbalance can only aggravate the situation, and the tree will not take root at all in the soil composition.In order to protect the apple tree in calcareous soils, as well as in those soils where the percentage of lime is very high, it is necessary to treat the soil using a method such as plastering. Experienced gardeners advise to apply gypsum in early spring, and the near-stem circles must be carefully dug up so that the gypsum is evenly distributed. If the soil is too acidic, it should be limed, and for this they take either garden lime or dolomite flour. Both components will help the soil become more balanced, reduce acidity to a neutral indicator, which will have an excellent effect on the growth and development of the apple tree and, accordingly, on the state of the future harvest. In general, only with a competent and professional approach can negative manifestations from plants be avoided, so a lot depends on the gardener, on whether he wants to learn and make the life of the tree only better.

Apple chlorosis

Prevention

Preventive work to restore vines affected by chlorosis in the previous season:

• While the buds are in a state of sleep, the bushes are sprayed with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture. Root top dressing - mineral fertilizers.
• After opening the buds, empty shoots are removed, nitrogen-containing compounds are introduced.
• At the stage of shoot development, treatment is carried out with a weak solution of Bordeaux mixture and lime sulfur, followed by foliar dressing with mineral fertilizers.
• At the stage of ovary formation, spraying with solutions of colloidal sulfur and copper sulfate is carried out.
• The next processing, repeating the previous one, will come only after harvesting and thinning the bushes.

The protection of the vineyard, for which the area with calcareous soil is set aside, begins with the selection of seedlings that can withstand the complexity of the soil.

For your information. Parsley is not tolerated by pests of grapes, this is the most favorable neighborhood.

Chlorosis of flowers

Chlorosis of hydrangeas

Garden hydrangeas are most often affected by chlorosis due to insufficient iron in the soil. If the gardener does nothing to cure the bush, then his metabolism will be disturbed, which will lead to its weakening, the foliage will turn yellow and fade, and the veins will remain green. Chlorosis, like other diseases, is much easier to prevent using preventive measures than to then cure the plant affected by it. If symptoms of such a disease appear on the flower, then its foliage is sprayed with Iron Chelate as soon as possible or with such a remedy as: Agrecol, Micro Fe, Brexil, Ferovit or Ferrylene. In the event that the bush is very badly affected, then the products containing iron are applied to the soil directly under the root. The following method is quite effective in treating hydrangea chlorosis: the soil around the bush is spilled 2 or 3 times with a solution of potassium nitrate or ferrous sulfate (40 grams of any of the substances are taken for 1 liter of water).

Chlorosis of petunias

You can understand that petunia is sick with chlorosis by the following signs: yellowing of the foliage, while the veins remain green, the edge of the leaves curls and they fly around, and new leaf plates become smaller, and the flowers are deformed. The dying off of the root system and drying of the upper parts of the shoots are also observed. As soon as the first signs of chlorosis are found, a little citric acid is poured into the water for irrigation (½ tsp is poured into 1 liter of water). However, if there are no noticeable improvements, then iron sulfate is also poured into the citric acid solution (for 1 liter of solution ½ tsp). In this way, the soil is shed around the bush regularly until young healthy leaves begin to appear on the bushes. In order for the bush to recover faster, all the buds should be plucked from it, before they open. You can replace ferrous sulfate with other means that include iron.Some gardeners also advise using foliar dressing with micronutrient solutions. However, such a flower does not tolerate even raindrops, so such treatments can harm it. Petunias affected by viral chlorosis must be dug up and destroyed.

Roses

You can understand that the rose is affected by chlorosis by the even yellowing of the leaf plates and the rich green veins on them. The reason for this may be a lack of iron in the soil, and these changes can also be observed if the bush was overfed with chemical fertilizers last season. Gardeners have noticed that out of two bushes growing side by side, one may feel iron deficiency, while the other looks quite healthy and grows normally.

Chlorosis treatment should be started in early spring before the growing season begins. To do this, humus or mullein and a deficient element should be added to the soil under the plants. Further, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are not used to feed diseased bushes, while watering should be poor, and also feed the roses in the foliage with a solution of complex fertilizer on a cloudy day until the bushes become completely healthy. During this period, you can not carry out strong anti-aging pruning of the plant.

Resistant varieties

Breeders are constantly improving the quality of the vine, using different combinations of rootstocks and scions, but no one has yet managed to achieve 100% resistance to chlorosis. To date, varieties are highly resistant to the disease:

• Alex;
• Venus;
• Delight;
• Zaporizhzhya raisins;
• Pink Timur;
• Talisman East;

To minimize the risk of chlorosis in grapes, one should take a comprehensive approach to plant protection, without neglecting any of the stages of spring and autumn spraying and dressing.

Infectious chlorosis

Infectious chlorosis occurs as a result of infection of plants with a virus from the group of NEPO viruses. It is carried by insects. Just as in previous cases, it begins to appear in the spring, but already in the form of lightening of leaves along with veins, yellow spots or stripes along the veins. At the same time, a short node is observed on the shoots, and bordering on the affected foliage. With the arrival of summer, the leaves turn green, but the affected areas remain chlorotic.

Unfortunately, viral diseases are not cured today. The only control measure is prophylactic treatment of plants against virus-carrying insects.

How to treat chlorosis in an apple tree?

Signs of chlorosis can appear in an apple orchard at any time. It is necessary to start treating the garden as soon as the first symptoms appear.

Chlorosis can be controlled by two main methods:

There is also an atypical treatment for apple chlorosis. The choice of method depends on the type of chlorosis.

Iron chlorosis

The gardener's task is to make up for the lack of iron in the soil and help the apple tree to assimilate it. Spraying apple trees with iron chelates is effective.

You can use pure chelate, but it is possible with preparations based on it, such as:

Chlorosis Resistant Raspberry Varieties

I will list the zoned varieties that grow on our site and are quite resistant:

• Kolkhoz woman - large raspberry berries are distinguished by their sugar content;
• Progress is a remontant variety that delights with harvest until late autumn;
• Hussar is the most unpretentious species;
• The yellow giant - raspberries have never gotten sick either with me or with the neighbors;
• Kuzmin's news - if it grows in a dry place, it will not hurt;
• Giant - the bushes do not affect aphids, thrips, sweet berries.

With proper care, spring prophylaxis, you forget about chlorosis. But if suddenly yellowness appears, the plants need to be treated immediately.

Options for how to overcome an infectious disease

An infectious type of chlorosis of leaves is carried by the soil bacterium Polymyxa (through a garden tool) and insects: leaf flies, aphids, nematodes, cicadas. Pests and products of their vital activity are visible upon careful examination of the plant. Fungal organisms leave characteristic growing spore formations on the greenery. Identified the causative agents of chlorosis in the garden - prepare fungicides. All chemicals that are acceptable for a particular crop are suitable.

Preventive soil disinfection is carried out in the spring with the help of iron or copper sulfate, nitrafen. Prevention of the site is cleanliness and order. If cases of infectious leaf chlorosis have already been in your area, process the planting or seed material. Prevent harmful bacteria from hibernating on tools, in the soil, or fallen leaves. Garden tools should be disinfected in the fall after the end of all work:

• clear;
• pour over boiling water;
• wipe with alcohol;
• store in a dry place.

Plant Varieties Prone to Disease

Fruit and berry crops and flowers suffer from chlorosis. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only the species, but also the variety of the plant.

Grapes

The risk of disease is increased if the grower grows the following grape varieties:

• Don Agate;
• Antaeus;
• Rupestris;
• Riparia.

Raspberries

The most vulnerable varieties of raspberries include:

• Usanka;
• Marlborough;
• Kuzmina;
• Fastolfe.

The danger of raspberry chlorosis

It is not difficult to recognize chlorosis in a timely manner, and not every gardener can determine the cause of the lesion. Non-infectious is easy to eliminate, but infectious is difficult to fight. I confess that if there is at least two weeks before harvesting, at the first signs of yellowing, just in case, I carry out a preventive treatment against viruses. During the ripeness of the berries, I try to use mechanical methods. Doing nothing is dangerous.

An infection that disrupts chlorophyll synthesis is not afraid of frost. If you do not take action, there will be a relapse in the spring, then goodbye, berries!

The causative agents of the disease are carried by insects. The virus, getting through the leaves, penetrates the roots of the bush. The plant begins to wither before our eyes. I immediately throw out such bushes so as not to infect the neighboring raspberries. I spill the soil with potassium permanganate. If this is not done, the entire plantation will die in a couple of years.

Remember

The adage - better to prevent than to cure - also works in the case of holorosis. For the garden to be healthy, it is enough to observe three main conditions:

1. Fertilize the soil. Apply mineral and organic fertilizers regularly to keep the soil fertile.
2. Disinfect tools... To do this, they can be boiled or treated with alcohol.
3. Fight pests... If there are pests on the plant, the culture becomes weaker and more susceptible to disease.

Video: what is chlorosis and how to deal with it

How to care for a sick apple tree

Water the tree abundantly in drought... Spot irrigation in deep holes around the crown of a tree or drip irrigation will give the best effect.

On a rainy summer do not destroy weeds in the trunk circle. They will pull excess moisture out of the soil. If possible, avoid flooding of the root system.

Eliminate oxygen starvation of the root system... It occurs when the soil is excessively compacted during drought and heavy lingering rains. Loosen the ground more often and attract earthworms to the trunk circle.

Earthworms make the soil loose, dig a whole system of deep passages up to a kilometer long, through which oxygen enters the roots. Mulching the trunk circle contributes to their appearance.

18

Probable causes of the disease

Chlorosis of leaves is the process of chlorophyll reduction, which at the cellular level provides photosynthesis, i.e. processing of sunlight into organics nutritious for the plant. The disease can manifest itself in almost any herbaceous plant, shrub or tree.The most susceptible to chlorosis are:

• a tomato;
• sweet bell pepper;
• grapes;
• pear;
• Apple tree;
• currant;
• raspberries;
• Strawberry;

• all citrus fruits (especially lemon);
• azalea;
• rose flower;
• ficus;
• gardenia;
• petunias;
• hibiscus;
• hydrangea.

Attention! If you have these crops, get ready for a periodic fight against yellowing leaves.

Violet, plum, apricot have a peculiar immunity to the disease. But they also fall into the risk group under certain conditions.

Chlorosis is divided into infectious and non-infectious. The most common symptoms are:

• young leaves turn yellow, veins remain green;
• the leaf plate decreases in size;
• the edges of the leaves begin to curl up;
• leaves die off;

• flower buds are also deformed and dry out;
• shoots located at the top dry out;
• roots stop development and die off without treatment.

Attention! Chlorosis first brightens the edges of the leaf plates. If left unchecked, the stripes become larger and cover the entire area.

Useful videos

Watch the video for information on apple chlorosis:

Watch the video for tips on how the spring treatment with iron sulfate should be carried out:

Watch the video information from specialists on how to treat an apple tree for chlorosis:

Watch a video about the use of Ferovit for the treatment of chlorosis:

Appropriate fertilization based on the needs of the apple trees will avoid the problem of chlorosis.

The apple tree pleases with tasty and juicy fruits, but many dangerous diseases lie in wait for the culture. Chlorosis is one of them. This article will tell you how to cope with this nuisance.

Features of the diagnosis of the disease:

Getting a correct diagnosis is usually straightforward. The doctor carefully examines the clinical condition of the child and the data of laboratory blood tests. A blood test reveals the following changes: • pale serum • decreased hemoglobin level • slight decrease in the number of red blood cells • a sharp decrease in the color index • increased number of immature forms of red blood cells • decrease in the volume of red blood cells • increased number of neutrophils

How to cure a plant?

Treatment for chlorosis in grapes depends on the underlying cause. The easiest way is to get rid of the edaphic form of the disease. To do this, it is enough to stop the influence of the stress factor on the plant, after which the grapes will recover on their own. To speed up the healing process, you can feed it with various fertilizers containing trace elements.

Treatment of iron deficiency

It is more difficult to cure grapes suffering from iron deficiency chlorosis. In cases where the soil does not contain the required amount of trace elements, fertilizers containing iron should be used. There are two types of such agronomic "medicines" - root and root. In addition, it will be useful to spray the leaves of the plant with a solution of ferrous sulfate. This substance can also be used to improve the quality of the soil.
To reduce the rate of alkalization of the soil, it is recommended to add a little acid to the groundbait. For this, lemon or ascorbic acid is suitable. It is recommended to mix it in a ratio of 2 tablespoons to half a glass of ferrous sulfate. The resulting solution is treated with the roots of the grapes, as well as the ground next to the plant.

When choosing a bait, you should pay attention to several parameters of the product. There are mixtures that contain iron in various forms. The most effective are baits containing this microelement in a chelated form. This iron is best absorbed by the grapes and contributes to its faster recovery.

Preference should also be given to products that contain a complex of various microelements. Particular attention should be paid to boron, magnesium, zinc and manganese - they contribute to the better absorption of iron by plants.

For soils with a high lime content, chemical reclamation can be carried out. It consists in watering the soil with a solution of iron sulfate. To enhance the effect, it is recommended to additionally feed the plant with chelated baits. You can also use a modern iron chelator. It is either powder or solution.

If the above methods of treatment did not help, then it is possible that the cause of the disease is associated with an alkaline reaction of the soil. Usually, such a feature is possessed by soils containing large quantities of lime. This substance promotes the transition of iron ions into a trivalent form, which is poorly absorbed by grapes.

The solution to this problem includes two stages. The first does not differ from the treatment of the iron deficiency form of chlorosis and is also based on the use of supplements containing iron in a chelated form. Additionally, measures should be taken to increase the acidity of the soil - for this you can use organic fertilizers, humus.

Finally, if heavy soil is the cause of chlorosis, you can restore plant health by regularly loosening the soil or adding compost. You can also reduce the frequency or volume of watering - it has been found that in moderately dry periods, plants are less likely to develop chlorosis.

Infectious form

Chlorosis caused by an infectious agent is the least favorable form of the disease, as it is very difficult to treat. Fortunately, this type of disease rarely affects plants in temperate climates, as the pathogen does not survive well during the winter.

If there are bushes in the vineyard that are sick with infectious chlorosis, it will be easier to remove and destroy them. There are currently no specific treatments for yellow mosaic. Therefore, it is better to pay due attention to disease prevention, quarantine compliance when purchasing new plants.

Chlorosis in the garden

The disease is often confused with scab. This is due to the similarity of symptoms. The list of crops prone to chlorosis includes vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers. A gardener who does not forget about prevention will significantly reduce the risk of chlorosis.

Chlorosis of tomatoes

Tomatoes are more prone to non-infectious chlorosis than many other crops. Excessive watering causes stagnation of fluid in the area of ​​the root system, which gives rise to decay. The lack of minerals is stopped by introducing special preparations and fertilizers.

Bushes affected by a viral infection are disposed of, and the land is immediately cultivated. To do this, you can use a solution of magnesium permanganate (potassium permanganate) or fungicide. Otherwise, the plants nearby will become infected.

Chlorosis of cucumbers

A change in the shape of the leaf blades and yellowing of the veins is a symptom that indicates many diseases. This can explain the difficulties that may arise during treatment.

In any case, chlorosis in cucumbers is easier to prevent than to eliminate. To do this, two weeks before planting, plant humus must be introduced into the prepared soil. It contains all the necessary substances.

Types of raspberry chlorosis: causes, symptoms

The virus usually occurs sporadically. Usually on the outermost bushes of crimson rows. Age-related large leaves are affected; traces of aphids or thrips can be seen on them. Viruses live in symbiosis with these insects, develop inside them, and are sown with excrement.

Aphids are carried by black earth ants, you must definitely destroy them!

The thrips are spreading by themselves. Treatment with Bordeaux liquid on a green cone serves as an effective prevention against them. If, after all, the sucking "guests" have arrived, emergency measures are needed.

How chlorosis manifests itself, it can be:

• yellow veins and mesh on the leaves;
• yellowed spots drying from the edges;
• the tips of the spotted leaves curling into a tube.

Depending on the immunity of the raspberry tree, the symptoms appear in a pronounced or weak form. Sweet thermophilic varieties are more susceptible to pathogens, zoned varieties are more resistant.

Non-infectious, Viral

Physiological chlorosis can appear with an excess of deoxidizers in the soil, for example, after liming the soil, adding ash. When raspberries are flooded, although it is a moisture-loving culture, it grows on the banks of rivers, it does not like stagnant water - the roots cease to carry nutrients due to an excess of mineral salts.

Non-infectious lesion manifests itself in different ways, depending on the lack of one or another macro or microelement:

• yellowing, drying at the edges, and then the death of the leaves occurs with a lack of nitrogen;
• with young greenery, the leaves look paler than the rest: the bushes lack iron;
• poor growth of young shoots and the appearance of yellow spots all over the leaf, indicates a magnesium deficiency;
• with the defeat of old leaves, in the petiole area and its gradual yellowing to the tip - a lack of boron;
• if only adult leaves between the veins become discolored, manganese deficiency.

Chlorosis of currants - a description of the disease

Chlorosis is a plant disease in which the active process of chlorophyll formation in leaves is disrupted, and the efficiency of photosynthesis decreases. In nature, this process is a natural cycle of development; it can be observed in autumn in all deciduous crops. The disease has a multifactorial etiology. It is caused by infectious diseases, violation of the rules of care and a lack of important minerals in the soil.

The cause of the disease is an infection caused by microorganisms, fungal spores, viruses, which is most often carried by insect pests.

According to statistics, in European countries, viral chlorosis affects thousands of currant bushes and grapes in large gardens every year. Pathology is treatable in the early stages, but if you start the development of chlorosis, it can lead to the most dangerous consequences. Learn about white bloom on currant leaves in this material.

The disease affects chloroplasts - plant cells involved in the process of photosynthesis. Responsible for the absorption and transfer of sunlight energy.

Classification

Depending on the cause of the occurrence, an infectious and physiological process of yellowing of the leaves is distinguished. If the planned treatment of the site is observed in autumn and spring, the first type of disease is less common, since viruses, pathogenic fungi and bacteria act as pathogens. It is transmitted through herbivorous insects, usually aphids and scale insects. In practice, physiological chlorosis is often observed, especially when growing currants in dining soil. The table shows the key features of the main types of this type of disease.

If you are growing currants for sale, it is recommended to take a soil analysis annually. This allows you to evaluate its chemical composition, adjust the dosage and volume of planned feeding.

The reasons

There are several dozen reasons leading to the development of chlorosis of currant leaves. They can be of physiological or infectious origin. The course of the disease and the intensity of the change in the color of the foliage directly depends on the climate in the region, the characteristics of cultivation and care. The main reasons and provoking factors:

• depletion of the soil, lack of minerals in the composition;
• infection of the bush with a virus, fungus or bacterial disease;
• damage to the root system;
• excess water in the ground, lack of a drainage system;
• increased alkaline or acidic reaction of the substrate;
• frequent use of organic fertilizers for feeding.

Infectious forms of chlorosis can be dangerous for other plants in the area. The disease can affect any agricultural and ornamental crops with green foliage. When the first signs of chlorosis are detected, a full range of treatment should be carried out to avoid the spread of the infection.

Signs and symptoms of lesion

Chlorosis, unlike other diseases of the currant, is easy to determine with the naked eye. The yellowing of the leaves begins actively and within 1-2 months it can affect the entire bush.

The main symptoms of the disease:

• change in the color of the leaf blade, veins;
• twisting and deformation of leaves, their shrinkage;
• too early onset of leaf fall;
• slowdown or cessation of growth, development of young vegetative parts;
• inharmonious formation or drying of flowers, fruits;
• dying off of the bark, drying of young shoots.

The death of a plant against the background of chlorosis occurs slowly, since the reserve resources are sufficient to continue the functioning of metabolic processes. In case of mass defeat, it is possible to save the garden even with a significant change in the appearance of the shrubs.

Early signs of chlorosis resemble scab and mosaic mosaics. However, when choosing resistant varieties, these diseases are very rare and also difficult to treat.

Effects

With the development of chlorosis, the natural metabolism of the plant is disrupted. Photosynthesis becomes impossible, so the shrub begins to fade slowly. First, the young parts of the currant are deformed and dry, then the bark deforms on the old branches. The ovaries do not develop or fall off. The fruits are formed small, deformed and do not have time to ripen on time. As a result, the yield is significantly reduced, the berries after harvesting cannot be eaten. The bush has weakened immunity, so death usually occurs in winter or against the background of a sharp change in weather. The disease progresses slowly, the plants wither during the whole season.

Chlorosis causes

It is impossible to say unequivocally why chlorosis falls on plants. There are many reasons, but their nature is different. It can be an infection caused by microorganisms, viruses, or fungal spores that are carried by insect pests. It can also be improper care of the plant: poor drainage, damage to the roots, incorrect soil composition. There is even hereditary chlorosis, due to which new variegated plant varieties appear.

But the most important and common cause of chlorosis is a lack of iron, magnesium, lime, zinc, sulfur and other minerals. It is the lack of trace elements that is most often implied when it comes to chlorosis.

In general, chlorosis is divided into infectious (viral) and non-infectious.

How to treat and how to fight

Chlorosis can be treated only in the early stages, when there are no serious physiological disorders in the structure of the bush itself. It is necessary to start fighting the pathology from the moment the first signs of mass yellowing are detected until the beginning of autumn. Treatment is reduced to a set of measures from agrotechnical procedures, planting treatment with chemicals. As a prophylaxis and as part of an additional method, folk remedies can be used, but they have poor effectiveness.

If chlorosis develops during the period of active ovary formation, this will lead to serious crop losses. However, there is a high chance of saving the currant while maintaining its productivity.

Agrotechnical measures

These are simple rules to keep the plant growing and developing naturally. Are reduced to procedures for the care and compliance with the requirements for the cultivation of berry bushes.

The main agrotechnical measures for the treatment of chlorosis:

• removal of the affected parts of the bush, carrying out sanitary shaping;
• deep loosening of the soil in the area of ​​the trunk circle;
• application of fertilizers depending on the type of disease, complex mineral dressings to stimulate growth;
• pinching of deformed and dried ovaries, flowers and fruits;
• pest control with chemical insecticides and folk methods.

These methods relate to the prevention of chlorosis in the garden. Additionally, gardeners recommend adding earthworms to the soil, as they increase its breathability. If the plant is affected by 80% or more, it must be uprooted and burned away from the site. Learn about the hybrid of currants and gooseberries of Josht from this article.

Chemicals

Several dozen chemical agents have been developed for the treatment and prevention of currant chlorosis. They need to be selected depending on the type of disease; before starting work, it is recommended to pass a soil analysis. At the peak of the symptomatology, you should not introduce complex and organic compounds - they can only accelerate the development of the disease. To combat pathology, highly specialized means are used, selected in accordance with the deficiency of minerals in the soil.

Agricola

Fertilizer from the Green Belt company, produced in the form of a powder in a package of 50 g. Contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 15:17:28, as well as all trace elements necessary for berry bushes. It is introduced by root feeding, restores the chemical composition of the soil, and also stimulates the ripening of the crop by 30-40%. Processing is carried out from the very beginning of spring, two applications are required with an interval of 2 weeks. The advantage of Agricola is the complete assimilation of minerals by the soil, as well as a complex effect on the shrub. Economical consumption and low cost of the drug are noted.

All Agricola products are easy to distinguish by their bright, rich yellow packaging. The manufacturer produces fertilizing and growth stimulants for most ornamental and horticultural crops.

Antichlorosin (iron chelate)

It is used to treat only iron-type chlorosis when growing plants on limestone soil. For work, a 10-12% solution is required, it is produced in a glass container with a volume of 1.2 kg. Suitable for soil watering and plant spraying, but soil application is more effective. On currants, up to 3 treatments are possible - after the deployment of the leaves, then every 12-16 days. The dosage is 20-25 liters for each shrub. The main disadvantage of the drug is the impossibility of buying it, since it is no longer produced by most manufacturers.

Ferovit

Complex preparation for combating chlorosis caused by iron deficiency in the soil. It is a universal stimulator of photosynthesis and respiration for plants, useful for compensating for the lack of lighting in the area. The active ingredient is a concentrated iron chelate; light nitrogen compounds act as an additional agent. Ferovit can be used at any stage of the growing season, since the preparation does not change the taste and quality of the fruit.

The drug allows you to nurture plants sick with chlorosis, helps healthy to endure adverse conditions. The price for a pack is 25 rubles.

The product is suitable for use during the period of adaptation of young plants to a new place, after exposure to frost or moisture. The consumption rate is 1.5 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water, 10 liters are required for each shrub.

Ferrylene

It is a highly effective chelated form of iron for the treatment and prevention of chlorosis of cultivated plants. It is used for use on alkaline soils, works in the range of 3.0-9.0 pH. Mixing with other chemicals is possible to achieve a complex effect. The dosage is 1 g per 2 liters of water, 30-100 g is required per plant, depending on its age, health status. Produced by the Valagro company, for production it uses modern technologies that make it possible to achieve a high percentage of iron (4.8%) and its stable form.

Iron chelate is sensitive to sunlight. The product should be kept in a closed container and in a dark place. Spraying the bush can only be carried out in cloudy weather.

Top dressing for the treatment of chlorosis

In addition to chlorosis caused by iron deficiency, there are other types of this disease. For the treatment of each of them, the introduction of special preparations with a high content of a deficient mineral is required. Features of feeding:

1. Magnesium... In this form, agents based on magnesium are used - potassium magnesium, dolomite flour, Mag-boron. Especially useful is the introduction of magnesium sulfate in the spring and the use of wood ash.
2. Sulfuric... Almost any complex formulations in liquid form are suitable for treatment. Potassium magnesium, potassium sulfate and azofosk with the addition of sulfur are especially effective.
3. Nitric... It is easiest to eliminate it, since all universal dressings contain this macroelement important for the plant. The most effective of them are the use of nitroammophoska, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, the use of carambide, provided that the instructions for using urea as a fertilizer are followed.
4. Zinc... It is treated only with fertilizers with a high content of this trace element. These include zinc sulfate and oxide, superphosphate with zinc.

When choosing a specific drug, you must strictly observe the dosage indicated by the manufacturer. It is advisable to carry out the work in cloudy and calm weather. Read about the red currant variety Marmaladnitsa at this link.

Folk remedies

Home methods have little effectiveness, are only useful when used on a consistent basis. It can be used during the ripening period of berries and the formation of ovaries, since they do not affect the chemical composition of the fruit. Basic folk remedies:

1. Tobacco dust from pests contains a large amount of phosphorus, magnesium and iron. Alternatively, you can use tobacco dust, which is sold in agricultural stores. The treatment is carried out using an aqueous solution at a low concentration to avoid the appearance of burns.
2. Wood ash... Affordable and effective plant nutrition. The composition contains most of the minerals necessary for plants. It is used for spraying in liquid form, dusting leaves and shoots, as well as applying to the ground. Recommended for embedding in the soil during planting and preparing the plant for winter.
3. Water left after washing cereals... It has a weak effectiveness, it is used only for prevention.Contains trace amounts of magnesium, silicon and phosphorus. Can be used neat without dilution with water.
4. Onion broth... For cooking, you need to take 50 g of husk and soak in 10 liters of water. Boil for 5-10 minutes, let it brew for 2-3 hours. Apply for watering or spraying. Saturates currants with minerals, destroys herbivorous insects. Poorly effective remedy, but it can be used at any stage of bush development.

It is advisable to combine traditional methods with the introduction of chemicals and dressings. With infectious forms of chlorosis, such methods will not lead to the desired result without the use of specialized insecticides. Read about ash as fertilizer on the site here.

Wood ash and onion broth are used to prevent infection and control currant pests. These are affordable and simple products that can be applied throughout the season.

Chlorosis of leaves - causes and treatment of the disease

The root causes of the disease are difficult to find out. A very large number of plants have a tendency to such a disease, which is why parasites can attack the culture and fungal diseases and viruses appear. Indirect factors of disease are considered to be acidic soil, inappropriate soil mixture for planting, lack of drainage in the pot, damage to the root system when diving, or parasites.

Chlorosis affects decorative, home and garden plantings, as well as berry bushes and vegetable plants. More vulnerable to the disease are lemons, hydrangeas, azaleas, pride and other plants growing in acidic soil. In the garden, strawberries (wild strawberries), apple trees, pears, raspberries and currants are ill with this disease.

As a rule, the root cause of the disease is a complex violation of the breeding parameters, at the same time with a lack of micro- and macroelements. Rather, nutritional deficiencies are caused by poor agricultural practices.

Means for treatment

Elimination of forms of the disorder that are not associated with infections is relatively easy - you only need to make up for the deficiency of the problem micronutrient. Chlorosis can occur in any season. You need to deal with it immediately, when the first symptoms appear. Protective agents can be applied either by spraying or by adding reagents to the area near the barrel. The selection of the option takes into account the characteristics of the disease.

Fighting iron deficiency most often involves the use of special compounds - chelates. Along with their pure use, many farmers prefer to use branded products (Agricola and other similar preparations). Processing occurs 2 or 3 times at intervals of 10 to 12 days. Experienced farmers often refuse from expensive factory mixes and use ferrous sulfate. A typical recipe is as follows: 90 g of citric acid and 45 g of vitriol are diluted in 10 liters of water. Sometimes the components are replaced with a combination of 45 g of vitriol and 30 g of vitamin C. The prepared mixture can be poured over 1 affected plant.

If iron starvation is very severe, injection of iron sulfate is practiced. We'll have to drill small channels, fill them with the desired composition and close the entrance with cement. There are also dry injections when iron sulfate tablets are used. But this is an emergency measure, and only improving the composition of the soil helps to radically improve the situation. If iron is not absorbed, it is necessary to achieve a reduction in the amount of carbonates in the soil.

Iron deficiency can be prevented by improving the composition of the earth in advance. To do this, 1.5 kg of vitriol is mixed with 60 kg of humus, 100 liters of water are added and used for watering the trunk circle. You can also dig several notches 0.4 m deep in the same circle. 0.5 kg of ferrous sulfate is scattered over these grooves, trying to distribute it evenly.An interesting fact is that in the past they tried to fight iron chlorosis by burying metal objects near the apple trees.

What plants are susceptible to disease

For any plant there is a risk of developing chlorosis. Home and horticultural crops get everything they need from the soil, so a lack of any component can provoke disease. But there are certain species that react more strongly to the lack of the above minerals than others:

• azalea,
• ficus,
• abutilone,
• hibiscus,
• various citrus fruits,
• gardenia,
• clerodendrum,
• petunias,
• rose flower,
• hydrangea,
• raspberries,
• currant,
• Apple tree,
• pear
• Strawberry,
• grapes,
• tomatoes.

It is these plants that require more prophylaxis against chlorosis.