There is water on the site how to get rid of it and what to do? How to drain the area from water with your own hands?
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Any land has its drawbacks: barren land, a large number of insects, lack of shade, location on a steep slope. The most difficult problem is to solve the problem of flooding and the formation of a swampy area. What measures can be taken or nothing will save from the swamp?
To eliminate the swampy area, you need to understand its type. Swamps are high and low. These types differ significantly from each other, therefore, the methods of drying them also differ.
"Lowland bogs are usually found in the lowered part of the relief, and this area is formed due to the location of groundwater at the very surface."
In such areas, the soil is fertile, contains a lot of peat and various nutrients. But due to the swampy area, fruit trees and shrubs grow slowly and do not give a lot of harvest. Some of the plants do not take root at all and die quickly. Upper bogs are formed due to sediments with a small amount of mineral salts. This type of swamp can be drained using drainage and an open ditch.
It is necessary to equip a normal drainage system!
Yes, you have to work, but then you can just enjoy the results. Please note that you need to do drainage after mid-summer, when the soil is dry enough, and the groundwater does not rise to the surface even after heavy rains. If everything is done correctly, then you will not only dry the soil, but also make the system work for many years by itself, maintaining the necessary microclimate.
Pay attention immediately to the neighboring areas - if they have the same problem, then the first step is to attend to the fence of your own. To accomplish the task, you will need to dig trenches around the perimeter, which will subsequently serve as a discharge collector.
You can dig both manually and using special equipment, but since the required depth should be about 180 cm, and the length depends on the size of the site, the second option is preferable. The bottom of the trench is alternately covered with sand and rubble (15 cm each layer), then a special drainage material is deployed and a drainage pipe with a diameter of 10-15 cm is laid. The width of the material should be sufficient so that it can completely wrap the pipe. After wrapping, the pipe is sprinkled with a layer of rubble about half a meter - it will act as a filter element.
When laying the pipe, strictly adhere to the direction relative to the horizontal - the pipe should go with a constant slope, about 5 cm for every 15 m.In some places, the lower outlet end of the pipe can be immediately taken out into a ravine or river, but if this is not possible, then you will have to equip a water intake. In fact, this is a shallow well made of concrete or plastic rings, the optimal diameter is about a meter, and the depth should be at least 3-4 meters higher than the depth of the collector trench. Water will still have to be drained from the water intake using a pump. The regularity of pumping depends on the filling rate of the drain well.
If you plan to build on a wetland area, then the same closed drainage collector must be made around the walls of the house. This will not only save the walls from shrinking and excess dampness in the house, but also eliminate the risks of getting acquainted with mold, fungi, and other unpleasant microorganisms. It is especially necessary to drain water from the walls of wooden houses.
Reasons for waterlogging
It is not so easy for a specialist to figure out what caused the swamp. It is useful to explore the neighboring lands, to get acquainted with the surroundings. There are 2 main reasons for excess soil moisture:
- The site is located in a lowland near a natural reservoir, the groundwater comes very close to the surface;
- The natural runoff of water after rains is disturbed.
The first reason is less likely to be true - people usually do not take building plots in a swamp. Problems with insufficient water drainage are much more common. The root of the problem may be as follows:
- there is a natural source on the site that feeds the swamp, which requires clearing and drainage of water;
- your garden plot is located below the neighboring ones, all the water after the rain flows down to you;
- features of the structure of layers and relief: a thick layer of clay is located close to the surface, which does not allow rainwater to be absorbed;
Wetland drainage
The principle of arranging the drainage of the site is exactly the same as for the bypass collector, but with some amendments. Firstly, it is not required to dig so deeply - a meter depth of trenches is enough, but such trench-drains should cover the entire area of the site, located at a distance of 7-10 meters from each other. Choose a more accurate interval depending on the swampiness - the more, the more often you make trenches. Focusing on the same indicators, select the diameter of the pipe for drainage, the best option is 70-90 mm. We do everything else in the same way - sand, crushed stone, special material, pipes and again crushed stone.
Soil lifting
Experts strongly recommend refraining from rash steps and a cheap option for raising soil by bringing in a large amount of sand. The purpose of the lift is not only to drain the site, but also to maintain (and sometimes improve by mixing peat, earth and sand) the quality of the soil.
The way the site is lifted depends on how high it needs to be raised. At the required lift level of up to 30 cm, densely compacted soil is used, at a higher height - a mixture of sand and gravel. At the stage of identifying the causes of waterlogging, it is important to make sure that the lack of moisture is not caused by the presence of a waterproof clay layer. If so, then it must first be removed.
- Cleaning the site from debris, stumps, vegetation with hard roots.
- Removal of a layer of fertile soil (15–20 cm) and clay layer, if necessary.
- Laying strip foundations.
- Backfilling the site with soil or sand and gravel, depending on the height of the rise.
- Covering from above with a previously removed layer of fertile soil.
Raising the site is advisable if none of the other methods of reducing swampiness has worked. The location of neighboring plots is much higher than yours will also speak in his favor.
The fight against swampiness of the site is not always advisable: sometimes you can use the resource that nature has provided for the good. If the fight against excess moisture is a resolved issue, then it is better to start it with the organization of a drainage system, if necessary, moving on to more radical means.
Alternative drainage
This term means the arrangement of trenches in which pipes and sand are absent as such. Ditches are simply dug and filled with rubble or large construction debris to a level that allows gardening work, and from above the site is leveled with earth.
The efficiency of such drainage is quite high, but still it should not be considered as a full-fledged alternative. The fact is that his maximum service life is five years, and then again you will have to portray a tech-savvy mole if you don’t want to portray any other animal, for example, a beaver or an otter. Therefore, it is still worthwhile to strain yourself and equip a normal drainage system - 50 years of dry calm are guaranteed to you.
How to create a man-made oasis
Shrub on clay, wetlands is tenacious. No matter how much you chop it, young shoots will appear again in the spring. You cannot get rid of it without radical measures. Therefore, the cut brushwood must be immediately placed in dense swaths. Next fall, in the place of the bush, dig a deep trench in order to freely push the swath into it, fill it with the excavated soil and tamp it. Align the area with the surface disturbed in this way and mark it with landmarks.
In winter, put a meter-long peat pile on it, mixed one to one with manure. In the spring, as the ground thaws, the pile will settle. Tamp it again and cover it again with a layer of compost in such a way that the trench is leveled and there are no depressions. The earth may sink for another year or two, but it will be much easier to add it.
Get rid of wet saucers in about the same way. Only they do not dig trenches, but after pumping out the water, they remove the upper 50-centimeter layer of mud, put it next to dry, fill the excavation with imported soil, cover it with the previously removed layer of earth and compact it. Then add 10-15 centimeters of fertile compost.
The appearance of the site becomes pleasing to the eye, but do not rush to draw conclusions.
List of Plants for Growing in Peat Bog or Swampy Areas
Despite the fact that many are confident in the fiasco of the concept, there are plants that can grow in an acidic environment:
- potatoes;
- greens.
If you reduce acidity by neutralization, plant vegetables:
- beets;
- carrots;
- white cabbage;
- strawberries;
- pumpkin
If you decide to plant berry bushes, then feel free to plant:
- raspberries;
- cranberries;
- rosehip;
- blueberries;
- currants;
- blackberries.
Trees you can also try growing in peat bogs, but dwarf varieties:
- plum;
- cherry;
- apple trees.
Of decorative representatives:
- birch;
- fir;
- cedar;
- viburnum.
For flower beds in peat bogs, you can safely plant flowers:
- hydrangeas;
- rhododendrons;
- heather;
- ferns;
- Eric;
- chrysanthemums.
How to grow vegetables in peat bogs or swampy areas?
This more practical question is considered very popular, because every gardener transfers the situation to his own beds and would like to get a high yield. That is why the creation of high beds is the optimal conditions for the comfortable growth of vegetable crops. The advantages of such beds are significant - the soil warms up well from the beginning of spring, so the moisture evaporates quickly, and planting work can start without deviations from the norms and terms, or even count on early sowing. Everyone can create such a bed. The frame can be made of wooden boards or slate, plastic or other strong material. The height should vary from the crops grown, the average is 40-60 cm. For an ideal bed, the soil should be created fertile, which includes enough organic matter. The first layer is organic, which should consist of humus, foliage, sawdust or the ground part of healthy plants. And only then a full-fledged fertile soil.
Modern rates of drainage of swamps
Despite this, the drainage of swamps is beneficial to a person, so he is actively involved in this. On drained land, you can grow crops, they are saturated with oxygen and mineralized thanks to the sulfuric acid obtained during the oxidation of pyrite.Any agricultural crops take root and grow well on the enriched soil. Also, construction can be carried out on reclaimed land.
In fact, land reclamation is carried out in several main areas: extraction of peat and other minerals; preparation of land for agriculture; improvement of the territory of parks, construction of football and golf courses;
construction dewatering before the start of excavation for the arrangement of foundations and engineering networks; restoration of territories subjected to industrial swamping, which occurred during the construction of roads, embankments, etc .; improvement of private construction sites and adjacent territories.
Swamp drainage is usually carried out on a large industrial scale. A completely different situation is when people face the problem of waterlogged soil in their backyard plots. This is where modern drainage systems come to the rescue, represented by various types of pipes, wells and other necessary equipment.
Sewers and ditches
Many owners choose a fairly simple way to solve the problem of draining their sites by digging gutters and ditches. Arrangement of a cone-shaped pit is carried out as follows: at the bottom point, you need to dig a pit up to 100 cm deep, up to 200 cm wide at the top and 55 cm at the bottom. The dehumidification system is quite effective, since excess moisture can be discharged into the sewage pits without the use of additional funds.
The process of arranging gutters is more time consuming, but no less effective. Ditches are dug along the entire perimeter of the territory - the depth and width is 45 cm. The walls are made at an angle of 25 degrees. The bottom is laid out with bricks or gravel. The main disadvantage of ditches is their gradual shedding, so it is worthwhile to carry out timely cleaning and strengthening of the walls with boards or concrete slabs.
Peat bog care
If you still have a peat bog or swampy area, in addition to optimal conditions for planting, you should regularly look after the territory. Optimal care - enrichment of the nutrient composition of the soil - application of fertilizers on a regular basis. If you use organic matter, then with the expectation that you need 3 kg of humus or compost per square meter of territory. Fertilization of the soil with mineral compositions occurs exclusively with complex preparations, where the composition of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus is in a ratio of 1: 1: 3.
Do not despair if your site turns out to be swampy, since peat bog is not a sentence for a hardworking owner. Put our recommendations into practice and successfully grow a variety of crops.
Successful examples
There are few examples of swamp gardens, but they exist! They are the brightest role models. I recently learned that in the center of Moscow, in the new Zaryadye park, a plot is planned to simulate a swampy area. It's incredibly interesting how the designers will work? This site will represent a tundra zone where there is virtually a continuous swampy area.
And the example of water gardens in the Moscow region is also indicative, where the theme of water, including swamp gardens, is. Even scientific institutions - botanical gardens - organize special plots where marsh plants are planted.
But the most stunning garden in the swamp is a park in Jinhua City. The scale of this project is astounding.
So we should not be afraid: it is better to make mistakes and find the only correct solution than to sit with folded hands and dream.
