The definition of mushrooms as a moss and the differentiation of this genus from the Boletus species is unclear and controversial. Flywheels are a heterogeneous mixture of several groups and species. These groups are separated from each other by various anatomical and some other features. Also, recent research by mycologists shows that mushrooms do not descend from one common fungal ancestor.
Etymology of the name "flywheel"
Fruit bodies of this species occupy moss-covered meadows in coniferous and mixed plantings. Mushroom pickers collect mushrooms from late spring until the first frost. Almost all mushrooms of this species are edible, the only exception is false flyworms.
Description and photo
Due to its incredible taste, this forest gift is very popular among mushroom pickers. Finding a basket of flywheels is a real success. But how to distinguish it from other representatives of the forest kingdom? Of course, for this you need to know what this mushroom looks like.
From Latin - xerocomus subtomentosus.
Hat
The cap of the flywheel is very dense and has a diameter of 4 to 12 cm. In many respects, it depends on the conditions in which the mushroom grows and what its age is. If we talk about color, then it can be called green at a stretch. It usually has a greenish gray or olive surface. Sometimes it is even brown, but this applies to old mushrooms. The shape is slightly convex. If you touch the mushroom from above, then it has a very velvety pleasant hat. However, every touch leaves a small mark and imprint on it.
On the cut, the pulp is white and does not lose its hue when interacting with oxygen. Smells very tasty, also dense. There are small white tubes under the cap, from where the spores fall out. The tubular layer is yellow, has a greenish or olive base. If you press hard, then this mushroom will begin to turn blue.
Leg
The stem of the mushroom, on the other hand, has the shape of a cylinder. Stable, and its flesh is no less tasty than the cap. White when cut, turns blue when pressed.
Despite the fact that this mushroom is edible, it still sometimes becomes covered with mold, which can be dangerous to humans. However, it can be cleaned off.
Why does the flywheel turn blue? This very much worries the people who collect it. Sometimes, seeing that blue is forming under the imprint, mushroom pickers refuse to collect. In fact, the pulp turns blue due to a special process. However, this is not at all a sign that the mushroom is poisonous. It contains substances that, if damaged, begin to react with oxygen. As a result, the oxidation process begins. It is because of him that the surface darkens. A dark film is formed during oxidation
How to distinguish from edible mushrooms?
It is not easy to understand exactly what type of flywheel is in front of you due to the fact that there are about 18 species of them, which differ in size and appearance.
First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the place of growth - these should be various types of moss, which is already laid down in the name. And also if you press the tubular surface of a real flywheel, then a bluish trace should remain.
In theory, it is believed that there are no false, that is, poisonous, mushrooms, but in fact, these species are avoided due to their very bad taste.Unfortunately, the absence of toxic twins dulls the vigilance of mushroom pickers, and they do not always check all the signs of a false flywheel, which can also be confused with boletus or boletus.
By their appearance, they can be distinguished by their color - they have a white, dirty pinkish, light brown tubular layer uncharacteristic for a flywheel.
Conditionally edible mushrooms may look better compared to others, as insects rarely attack them due to their unpleasant taste.
On a note!
In practice, it has been proven that not all signs of false mushrooms can manifest themselves collectively or immediately - bitterness may not be strong, redness does not always appear immediately.
Edibility
Flywheels are edible and sometimes inedible. They can also be toxic. Some varieties are still controversial. Others have long been recognized as edible and are actively commercially available. However, among the mushrooms there are no poisonous ones, so there is no need to be afraid of the green flywheel. It is very tasty, healthy, and on the Internet you can find more than a dozen recipes with this mushroom.
It will definitely not lead you to poisoning. True, for this you need to take into account some security measures. For example, it is only necessary to assemble a flywheel if it has no external damage. However, if external damage is still present, then in this case it is absolutely necessary to refuse the collection.
Where the collection time grows too
People who have tried the flywheel mushroom at least once are very interested in the question, where do they grow? So, if you are also interested in this, we hasten to please you. On the territory of central Russia, the mushroom mushroom is unusually widespread.
They grow in temperate latitudes, where temperatures are similar to the middle lane. They mostly prefer spruce.
Also, some varieties are also found on wood. For example, on tree trunks or on stumps.
Green flywheel can also act as a parasite. It grows on other mushrooms, such as pseudo-raincoats. It is recommended that you collect and search for green flywheels between July and October. However, in some regions, these mushrooms can be found until the end of November. However, the older the mushroom, the more likely it is to lose its flavor and health benefits.
Places and times of growth
Different types of mushrooms grow in different places. For example, the Polish mushroom is found in Siberia, in the North Caucasus. He prefers coniferous forests, growing on sandy soils.
The red flywheel can be found in the Far East. Also, this type of mushroom can be found in the countries of North Africa, in the deciduous forests of Europe.
Green moss grows everywhere, in forests with deciduous and coniferous trees.
Semi-golden flyworm can be found in the forests of the Caucasus, as well as the Far East.
Mushrooms begin to grow actively in July and complete fruiting in September, but these periods are different for different types of flyworm. For example, the Polish mushroom is harvested from June to November, and the red flyworm is harvested in August and September.
Dangerous doubles
In addition to edible twins, such as the red flywheel, fissured and flat mushrooms, there are also inedible dangerous species, with which you need to be as careful as possible. The fact is that if you eat this mushroom, there is a high probability of getting poisoning or other health problems.
Let's start with the conventionally edible flywheels. Despite the fact that they do not cause significant harm to the body, nevertheless, you need to be careful with them.
Flywheel semi-gold
This mushroom is rare and is classified as conditionally edible. Its cap is convex, and in old age it acquires a completely flat shape. The leg, on the contrary, is smooth and has a cylindrical shape. Bends downward.The color of the cap, on the contrary, has a gray-yellow tint. The leg is reddish in color.
Parasitic flywheel
This fungus is a parasite and uses other fruiting bodies. Most often these are false raincoats. If you look at the structure of this mushroom, then it is very similar to a green flywheel. However, it differs in size. Fewer fellows. Such parasitic flyworms are very rare and can be seen mostly in groups. It is classified as conditionally edible.
Now let's move on to the squad of inedible flywheels that can cause serious damage to your health. For example, flywheels growing on wood have a head 4 to 8 cm in diameter. It has a conical shape, with a reddish-brown tone. The leg is 10 cm high, curved and also light yellow at the base. The pores of this fungus are large enough. But the tubes, on the other hand, are short, only 1 cm in length.
Also, you need to be very careful with the inedible gall mushroom, which has a cap 15 cm in diameter, and a leg 3 cm thick. These mushrooms have an unpleasant aftertaste, and in general, are sometimes hazardous to health.
It may be interesting - Ringed cap (edible mushroom).
Parasitic view
Harmful mushrooms often grow near edible mushrooms, it is important to understand how to distinguish them from normal mushrooms. This species is not life-threatening, does not belong to the category of poisonous, but its unpleasant taste differs when cooking.
Medicinal properties
Green moss is a very useful mushroom. Largely due to its exchange composition. By the way, it includes vitamins of group A, as well as the whole group of vitamins B, C, D and niacin. Also, in its composition, you can find amino acids in abundance.
- There are enzymes such as amylase, lipase and proteinase.
- Various essential oils.
- Minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc, potassium and molybdenum.
- Also, the composition contains proteins, carbohydrates and other components.
The flywheel is very often used in diet food. Therefore, it is often prescribed for obesity and other problems. Their calorie content is small, only 19 kilocalories per 100 g. Also, these mushrooms are good antibiotics, therefore, for colds they are used for recovery. Helpful for infections. They improve the composition of the blood, start the processes associated with increased immunity.
However, it should be used with caution in people with stomach ulcers and other problems of the digestive tract. Despite the fact that the mushroom is extremely useful, it is very difficult to digest. Therefore, it is highly likely that you will cause permanent harm to your body.
What are the health benefits of a flywheel
It is a low-calorie mushroom with a low nutritional value, but a high content of essential oils, which facilitate the assimilation of food served together with mushrooms.
Flywheels store molybdenum, a metal that is involved in many processes in the body. Also, fruiting bodies contain:
- vitamin A;
- calcium;
- essential oils;
- enzymes.
In folk medicine, mushrooms are used to treat inflammatory processes in the body. Mycologists have discovered natural antibiotics in the flesh of the mushroom.
Contraindications and benefits
The flywheel mushroom, as mentioned above, is a very heavy food. Therefore, it is not recommended for people who have serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.
It is better to refuse food intake for children under the age of 8 years. And also for the elderly.
It is worth noting that despite all the usefulness of mushrooms, they still absorb all harmful substances and heavy metals. Therefore, in no case should the flywheels be collected in places where industrial enterprises, production facilities, roads or a city are located nearby.
It is better for pregnant women and nursing mothers to refuse to eat them.
What is the use of these mushrooms?
- The flywheel is extremely useful.
- It is delicious, and most importantly, edible.
- He can fight negative diseases, such as cancer.
- In addition, this mushroom is saturated with vitamins, which means it can start the process of raising immunity.
The technology of growing a flywheel at home
To harvest generous crops without leaving your home, you can plant the flywheel mycelium in your garden. The mushroom bed will not take up much space. For her, you need to choose a shady area. The depth of the trench into which the mycelium is to be planted should be about 30 cm.
You can take the substrate for the mushroom bed in the forest. It should contain branches, humus and leaves. It is better to take the land where the flyworms grew.
The soil taken from the forest must be laid out in a prepared trench. After that, you need to fill the collected ripe mushrooms with clean cold water. They must stand like this for a day.
After the specified time, the mushrooms need to be kneaded with your hands to make porridge. Add a little water here and pour the mass into a trench, into which you must first lay out the nutrient mass (leaves, humus, branches). Thanks to such manipulations, an artificial mycelium will appear. Sprinkle the mycelium with earth on top (about 5 cm).
In the first 2 months, it is necessary to water the mushroom beds abundantly so that the mycelium does not die due to drought. The first flyworms will appear one year after sowing the mycelium.
If such a type of flywheel is grown as a Polish mushroom, then it is better to grow it not on the ground, but in its natural environment. This means that oak, beech, pine or hornbeam should grow near the landing site.
You can also grow mushrooms on stumps. In this case, you need to sow mycelium near them. Crops should be covered with straw.
Cooking recipes
If desired, on the Internet you can find a huge number of recipes with a flywheel. But it is very important at the initial stage to properly prepare this mushroom.
Post-forest treatment
You need to cook only those mushrooms that are harvested from mid-summer to mid-September. When assembling, cut off only the fruiting body correctly. At the same time, the mycelium must be left in the ground in order to get a good harvest next year.
Then, the mushrooms collected in a basket must be sorted out well. Worms should never be used in cooking. Then, under running cold water, the mushrooms are very thoroughly washed.
If there are a lot of mushrooms, then of course they can be stored in the refrigerator, however, this should be done for a period of no more than 2 or 3 days.
Cooking
The flywheel can be boiled. This is usually necessary if you are making mushroom soup. How long does it take for mushrooms to give all their beneficial flavor properties to the broth?
Cooking is carried out within 10 minutes from the moment the water boils. By the way, it is better to add mushrooms to pre-boiling water in order to immediately kill all pathogenic bacteria. Stir the mushroom during cooking. By the way, in order for the flywheel to boil well, it must be added to the water already well-processed and cut into four parts.
Pickling
Mushrooms can be salted or pickled. During pickling, they are good in that the caps do not need to be peeled. To do this, it is enough to rinse them well and scrape a little with a knife the places that have been damaged in one way or another.
What are the best marinades to use? Ideal if they are based on vinegar, with different ingredients added. Before pickling mushrooms, boil them well.
Then they are placed in a pre-sterilized jar and poured with marinade. Do not be afraid to add spices, mushrooms absorb well and then become aromatic and soft.
Freezing
If there are too many mushrooms, at the same time, you do not plan to use them in the next few days, it would be good to freeze them. This way, throughout the year, you will always have fresh tasty frozen mushrooms that can be added to almost any dish. But how to properly freeze?
- To begin with, you just need to peel the mushrooms well in the above way.
- After that, they must be put in boiling water and cooked for 10 minutes.
- Then, the water needs to be salted and boiled for another two minutes.
- Then get it out and dry well.
- Dried mushrooms are cut into several pieces or left intact. As you wish.
- Placed on a dry tray and sent to the freezer.
- As soon as the mushrooms have set and become harder, they can be put in a special container or freezer bag and sent to the freezer for good.
If you plan to use only part of the mushrooms, and not the whole bag, then separate only the part that you need. After defrosting, the mushrooms must not be frozen again.
Frying
Fried mushrooms are a real delicacy. Delicious dishes that will delight you.
How to fry a flywheel properly?
- In order to carry out frying, first of all, it is necessary to rinse the mushrooms well and prepare them thoroughly. To do this, you need to remove all damage.
- Then, the mushrooms are cut into several pieces. If the mushroom is large, then into four parts, if small, then into two.
- Pour olive oil or vegetable oil into a hot skillet.
- Then add some chopped onion and fry until golden brown.
- Once you've got a golden hue, add the mushrooms and fry until they are halved in size and taste good. At the end, you need to salt and pepper the mushrooms.
- Also, along with the mushrooms, you can add pieces of chicken or other meat if you want to cook it this way.
The roasted flywheel is a real work of art. Despite being fried in almost half, it remains soft and delicious.
Salting
Salting of flywheels is carried out in two ways. In the case of hot salting, garlic should not be added. Mushrooms are pre-boiled, then poured with boiling water. After that, the jars are closed and left in a dark place.
With the cold method, a marinade is prepared and pre-boiled mushrooms are poured with it. The more methods and spices are in the brine, the tastier the mushrooms will be, since they have the unique property of absorbing all the aromas and taste features.
When salting, be sure to use bay leaves. He will give the seams the necessary astringency.
Drying
Dried mushrooms are also commonly and widely used. Mainly for adding to soups or salads. How to dry a green flywheel?
- First, you will process the mushroom the way you want it.
- The next step is to dry the mushroom.
- Wipe it off with a towel, but in such a way as not to damage it.
- Then cut into several pieces. If the mushroom is round, then in four parts, if it is small, then it will be enough for two parts.
- Spread the baking paper on the baking sheet. Arrange the mushrooms, but in such a way that they do not touch each other. Set the temperature to 60-70 degrees and place the baking sheet inside.
- Do not turn on convection, otherwise you will dry the mushrooms very quickly. Check the condition of the flywheels every 15-20 minutes.
- As soon as you see that they are very dry, take them out.
However, do not rush to put them in the banks. The mushrooms must stand in the room for one night. The main thing is that it is not wet around.
After the mushrooms are completely dry, they need to be soaked well and put in a dry jar. Get it out as needed. It is desirable that dry mushrooms do not come into contact with water in any way.
Preparation for the winter
How to prepare mushrooms for the winter, if you do not use a marinade, as well as salting? Make mushroom caviar, of course. How can this be done?
- It's actually very simple. In order to make mushroom caviar, you need about a pound of mushrooms.
- Once you get them out, rinse well and cut.
- Then cut into several pieces.
- Heat a skillet and pour oil into it.
- Then add the onion and fry until golden brown.
- Then add the mushrooms and continue to fry.
- Once the mushrooms are fried, the next step is to add some greens.
- Once everything is well browned, start stirring.
- Leave to cool completely.
- Then place in a blender and add 1 tablespoon of sour cream. Whisk everything thoroughly until smooth.
Such mushroom caviar will be an ideal breakfast snack for toast, and can also be stored for a long time.
Be that as it may, you will get a very tasty snack that can be stored for a long time.
General information
Mosswheel - a mushroom of the Bolet family... He is a relative of the well-known boletus. The green, Polish, red and variegated subspecies are distinguished by the brightest taste.
Each variety has its own characteristics, but there are general characteristics, which include:
- dry and slightly velvety hat;
- cracks may appear on the skin as it grows;
- the diameter can be up to 9 centimeters.
Mushroom pulp - reddish, yellowish or white. At the bottom of the cap there is a hymenophore, which is a layer of spore-forming cells. In the flywheel, it is tubular.
A characteristic feature is that when the hymenophore is pressed, a bluish tint remains at the contact site.
The stem is smooth or wrinkled, again depending on the variety. Its dimensions can reach 8 centimeters.
Small conclusion
The flywheel is a unique mushroom. It is not rare, so if you are purposefully going to follow it into the forest, then there is a high probability that you will still find what you went for.
The flywheel is very tasty, healthy, and most importantly, it will leave you only pleasant impressions. Mushrooms are easy to find, and they are also quite easy to distinguish from their poisonous counterparts.
In any case, you will get a lot of pleasant impressions from your searches, and most importantly, from the cooking process. We wish you a successful mushroom hunt and remember, be extremely careful. Be careful, love the forest, and he will surely reciprocate you.
(1 estimates, average: 5,00 out of 5)
What does the mushroom mushroom look like and where does it grow?
The name was given to the variety of forest gifts for the fact that it grows in mossy areas. It can be found:
- in the forest;
- on the slopes of ravines;
- on stumps;
- on the bark of old trees.
Can be found in the tundra or alpine area. With regard to appearance, it has a number of distinctive characteristics.
- The hat is dry and looks like velvet.
- It resembles a hemisphere in shape.
- The color of the head is different for all species: from the lightest tones to bright reds.
- The leg shines, changing color when pressed.
- Has no characteristic odor or visible scales.
Many experienced lovers of collecting forest gifts claim that the leg is elongated and thin, and the caps are similar to boletus.
Mosswheel belongs to the Boleth class
Characteristic features of mushrooms of the genus Mokhovik
The fruit body of the fungus has a brownish color:
- young specimens are characterized by a rounded hat with a light chocolate-gold color;
- cushion-shaped or flat caps of adult mushrooms are brown with a cherry tint.
The hymenophore is green-brown or yellow in color. The surface of the cap is velvety, pleasant to the touch, sometimes cracked. In humid conditions, the cap becomes sticky. Its diameter does not exceed 20 cm.
The leg can be absolutely smooth or slightly wrinkled.It is important to remember that there are no covers or rings on the leg of a real flywheel. Mushrooms that live in dry places have a long stem, and if they grow among succulent moss, the stem grows short and thick. Its length can reach 8 cm.
Green flywheel
Such flywheels are considered the most common.... They are distinguished by the brownish-golden surface of the cap, the diameter of which often reaches ten to twelve centimeters. The leg is cylindrical and has a green color. Height - up to 9 cm, thickness - up to 4 cm. The flesh is white and rather dense, turns blue in the cut.
This species is found in forests, near highways and in spacious meadows. Green mushrooms are boiled, frozen, pickled and fried.
At the same time, it is not customary to dry them, because the pulp begins to turn black during prolonged storage.
What diseases can be cured by mushrooms
As already mentioned, mushrooms are a natural antibiotic. And all because of the substance boletol, which is part of the chemical composition of the product. This compound has anti-inflammatory effects and helps in the treatment of many diseases. It is known that mushroom extract is useful for people with liver cirrhosis, atherosclerosis, nervous disorders, anemia, reduced immunity, depression, chronic fatigue. This product improves blood circulation, heals inflammation and suppuration on the skin (powder from dried mushrooms is used). In alternative medicine, it is used as a treatment for cancer.
Pickled mushrooms: a delicious recipe for the winter
This is the simplest and most common way to marinate flywheels. The dressing recipe uses only classic spices and nothing more.
Time for preparing: 40 minutes
Servings: 20
Energy value of the product
- proteins - 2.3 g;
- fats - 0.6 g;
- carbohydrates - 3.8 g;
- calorie content - 30 kcal.
Ingredients
- flywheels - 2 kg;
- vinegar 9% - 120 ml;
- garlic - 4 cloves;
- salt - 40 g;
- sugar - 60 g;
- black peppercorns - 10 pcs.;
- bay leaf - 3 pcs.;
- citric acid - 5 g;
- water - 1 l.
Cooking process
- Cut the prepared mushrooms into small pieces, transfer to an enamel pan, cover with water, add citric acid and put on fire. Cook for 20 minutes from the moment it boils.
- After that, discard the mushrooms in a colander and immediately cover with ice water. This will make the pickled mushrooms thick and crispy.
- Pour a liter of filtered water into a saucepan, add salt, sugar, black peppercorns and bay leaves there. Put on fire and bring to a boil.
- Remove the husk from the garlic, cut each clove into 3-4 pieces and send to the marinade. Cook for 5 minutes.
- Now put the mushrooms, wait for the liquid to boil again, time it and cook the mushrooms for exactly 15 minutes.
- After that, pour the vinegar into the same saucepan and remove it from the heat.
- Catch the mushrooms with a slotted spoon, arrange in sterilized jars and cover with hot marinade. Roll up the lids, turn the containers upside down, wrap up warmly and let cool.
Pickled mushrooms can be served by sprinkling with sunflower oil and sprinkling with chopped herbs or onions. You can also use these mushrooms in salads.
What is useful
Speaking about the beneficial properties of mushrooms, first of all, it is customary to remember the rich content of proteins. The flywheel, like its relatives, is also generous with proteins, the chemical composition of which is very similar to meat. This protein product is useful for restoring physical strength during periods of intense growth and muscle building. Protein is essential for those involved in mental activity, as well as for the strengthening and regeneration of almost all tissues in the body. In addition, the proteins contained in the product are a set of amino acids essential for humans, without which healthy activity is impossible.By the way, some sources claim that the flywheel is the leader in the amino acid content of other mushrooms.
The second plus of this delicacy is its rich vitamin composition. Flywheels are a storehouse of vitamins A, C, D, as well as many vitamins from the B group. You can almost completely restore the daily intake of copper and zinc from one serving of these mushrooms. In addition, they are rich in molybdenum, calcium and chitin.
The unique characteristics of the moss mushroom include the special essential oils and enzymes contained in the caps. The rate of food digestion depends on these substances. This means that the flywheel improves the functioning of the digestive system and the quality of absorption of nutrients from food.
It also has natural antibiotic properties, strengthens the immune system and is beneficial for increasing hemoglobin. In folk medicine, it is known as a product with diuretic, tonic and anti-inflammatory properties. It was used to quickly heal wounds, as a natural antiseptic. And due to the presence of molybdenum, it is useful for treating the thyroid gland. The rich vitamin composition of mushrooms is a guarantee of good vision, healthy hair and beautiful skin. The ability to speed up metabolism has made the flywheel an anti-obesity mushroom. The unique chemical composition of moss mushrooms makes them useful for the nervous system, brain function, kidneys, as well as for the rapid recovery of bone and muscle tissue.
Common types of flywheel with a description
There are about 18 species of mushroom mushrooms. Therefore, in the following sections, you will find out what kind of mushrooms there are and what types of them exist.
Did you know? Mushrooms produce vitamin D if, of course, they have enough sunshine. The color of the mushroom cap depends on this.
Flywheel green
The green mosswheel is the most widespread and popular representative of its kind. It can be recognized by its golden brown cap, which reaches 10 cm in diameter. The shape of the cap is prostrate and cushion-shaped. The leg of the green flywheel is cylindrical and expands towards the base. In height, it reaches 9 cm, and in thickness it can be equal to 3 cm. It is lighter than the cap of the mushroom, in addition, there is a brick-red hue. The flesh of the green mushroom is dense and white, but turns blue when cut.
Distribution and collection
Red flywheel is a rare mushroom. It is thermophilic, picky about the composition of soil and moisture. The slightest drop in temperature below the optimal one stops the growth of red mushrooms. The fungus prefers to settle in oak forests, on the slopes of ravines, on the borders of meadows and forest edges. Most often it grows singly, does not form groups. Distribution area - from the Mediterranean to the European part of Russia.
The collection period for the red flywheel is short - from August to, at the most, mid-September.
Brown (Polish)
The diameter of his hat reaches twenty centimeters.... It has a brown color. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, its size is up to fifteen centimeters. The pulp of the Polish moss mushroom has a mushroom or even fruity aroma.
The Polish variety is considered to be very popular. It is used both salted and dried, and frozen and fresh.
