The apple tree is one of the most famous and long-cultivated trees on Earth. Even our progenitor Eva could not resist not to taste the delicious fruit of this tree.
And until now, all over the world, people grow and enjoy eating apples, considering this fruit one of the most useful.
And the most useful apples are those that you have grown with your own hands. Therefore, if you decide to plant an apple tree on your site, then first you need to figure out what this tree is.
The lifespan of certain species
The tree that often pleases children on New Years can live up to 300 years. And this is provided that it is not cut down ahead of time. Enterprising local and federal officials are supporting healthy advocacy for forest conservation, and trees are being planted in squares that can be decorated and hung with garlands for the holidays without cutting them down - they grow in one of the flower beds.
The black spruce, common in the United States, can live a little longer - up to 350 years. It is easy to recognize by the cones, which at a young age have a black-purple hue, and when the seeds ripen, they are black-crimson. Sitka spruce can live as long as European or Siberian spruce - 3 centuries.
Its range is the Alaska Peninsula. It is used to plant a small spruce forest in the park, or several specimens at a summer cottage.
Norwegian (Scandinavian) spruce also lives 300-350 years, its height is about 15-30 m. Red spruce, growing in Canada, New England and Scotland, can live up to 400 years - about the same as black. It has reddish brown buds. The Japanese spruce has a maximum age of up to 500 years. It is by right a long-liver among all widespread species, the most prickly of all spruces. Its range is the Pacific islands of volcanic origin.
Chemical method for removing stumps
To do this, the trunk is cut down with tools. The stump that remains must be drilled with a drill. The depth of the holes should be at least 15 cm, and their number should be at least 4. The more times you perforate the stump, the faster you can get rid of it.
After the stump is drilled, it is necessary to pour fertilizer into the resulting holes. To make the decay processes in it faster, it is recommended to use nitrogen compounds. They must be added to the holes every 2 weeks of summer.
The period during which the root system of a tree decays takes about 2 years. In the first year, sprouts may develop around the stump, but do not worry: they will die in the second year. After this time, they dig in the roots: this will accelerate the process of decay.
In our country, many citizens have their own personal plot, where the owners grow various vegetables and fruit trees. In order to get a good harvest every season, it is necessary to properly care for all crops.
The apple tree is considered one of the most common garden trees in Russia. It perfectly adapts to various climatic conditions and stands out for its variety of species and varieties. Often amateur gardeners are interested in the following question: how many years does an apple tree live? Is it possible to somehow increase her lifespan? This is what we will try to figure out in this article.
Record holders
In the province of Dolarna in Sweden, a specimen of European spruce lives, the age of which, according to scientists, is close to 10,000 years, in particular - it has passed over 9550.
Perhaps this age was reached due to the fact that, dying, the old tree "gave birth" to root offspring, which gave rise to new trees.
The fact is that all spruce trees are capable of multiplying not only by seeds from cones, but also by layering.
Tree Life Table
For clarity, let's summarize the life expectancy of trees in a table, the world around our country gives us the following figures:
It is impossible to list each tree name and lifespan in one table, since there are too many varieties.
oldest trees on the planet top 10 - video
inf source
How to extend the lifespan of a spruce?
Any species growing in urban conditions, where the ecology is much worse than in the forest, lives much less - not 250-500 years, but 100-150. There are several reasons for this.
- Most conifers do not tolerate the scorching heat of summer. - their branches and needles dry out prematurely. With the onset of a colder pore, the plant grows young shoots every 1.5-2 years. In hot summer conditions, it is necessary to ensure abundant and timely watering of trees, especially when there are no long rains and several weeks in a row are not expected.
- Spruce itself was created by nature for shady places. In direct sunlight, it can also live for centuries - but this is typical only in a spruce forest, and even then not for all species. In a mixed forest, Christmas trees form a second tier, growing under the crowns of deciduous trees. In the taiga, this is possible when the forest is predominantly pine. Also, plants survive at the expense of each other - there is plenty of shade in the spruce forest.
But specimens growing at the edges will live less than those growing in more "lost" rows, closer to the middle.
- Gas-polluted air, presence of buildings and congested motorways reduce the life of spruce trees up to several times. It is more correct to organize a man-made spruce forest in a city park by planting a spruce under the crowns of poplars, plane trees and other deciduous species, which, unlike conifers, require a lot of direct sunlight. In the park, as in the forest, the air is much cleaner than on a busy freeway. In the alley of the city avenue or on the sidewalks of the streets, it is advisable to plant this tree not singly, but in rows or groups.
- In winter, roads are often sprinkled with salt and filled with reagents.so that people and cars do not slide on ice. In such conditions, the tree quickly degrades and dies from the salinity of the soil in which it grows.
Young trees are the lot of poachers who stop at nothing, on which you can quickly make money.
- When growing spruce trees in nurseries for sale, plant them in groups - from several dozen in each. If you plant a spruce too scattered, it will not live long, and its quality will be far from the original, inherent in specimens grown in the forest.
Under natural conditions, in many species of spruce, after the first 15 years of life, the main root begins to die off. Because of this spruce does not tolerate a hurricane - especially when it grows in open areas... Also, drought is detrimental to the old plant - the near-surface layers of the soil, in which it has managed to take root well, lose moisture, and the tree has practically no place to replenish its supply, if the lateral roots have not grown deep enough.
In the subsequent years of a single spruce's life, the roots grow to the sides and closer to the soil surface, which does not allow the tree to hold on as many deciduous trees do.
Spruce is adapted by nature to grow under the cover of higher trees of different types, species and varieties. A windbreak in spruce forests is a frequent occurrence.
Features of life cycles
Apple trees grow and bear fruit for many years
Each tree, incl. and in the common apple tree, there are several periods in life:
- the first 5-15 years, depending on the variety;
- period from 15 to 40 years;
- the third cycle is characterized by the gradual dying of the tree. Individual for each species.
First
This life cycle of a garden apple captures the first years, when the root system of the seedling is strengthened in the ground and it begins to bear fruit. This is an important time in the development of each tree. During these years, all the branches that will give apples are laid. The root system is anchored so that the tree can withstand bad weather in the future.
At this time, it is worthwhile to engage in the formation of the crown of a young tree, because the first period is characterized by the rapid growth of skeletal branches. This can increase not only the yield, but also the average lifespan of the apple tree.
Second
At this time, the growth process slows down. On average, this cycle lasts about 20-25 years. During this period, you need to carefully monitor the apple tree: it may have problems with the branches. If you do not cut off improperly growing shoots in time, you can get a tree with a dense crown, the branches of which will be tightly intertwined.
Such an apple tree will not be able to yield the harvest as before. If you stop monitoring it, you can achieve a complete cessation of fruiting. Due to the high humidity, moss and lichen begin to grow on the branches. But, if you start pruning the shoots again, there will be a chance that the tree will delight with fruits for several more years.
The third
In the third period of development of the apple tree, all life processes slow down and stop. At this time, the branches begin to dry out, the fruits are no longer formed, flowering does not occur in the spring.
If apples are sold, then such a tree will reduce profits: it takes up a lot of space, but does not pay for it at all. Therefore, apple trees that have lived for more than 50 years must be uprooted.
Apple tree: general characteristics
Modern plants originate from their wild-growing ancestors, which were “domesticated” by humans for a long time. The Sivers apple tree is a powerful tree with a trunk height of up to 14 meters, once growing in the foothill regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia, has become the ancestor of all cultural species.
Today, in the middle lane, the domestic apple tree is the most common - Malus Domestica. Depending on the variety, trees can reach a height of 2 to 7 meters, begin to bear fruit in the second, fifth and even tenth year of life. As a result of hybridization, many varieties are self-infertile and therefore require cross-pollination with similar species.
Thanks to the work of breeders, small compact plants have recently appeared that are more convenient for growing, care and harvesting.
The apple tree belongs to the Rosaceae family, in which there are up to 60 different species, including wild ones. Among them there are not only trees, but also large shrubs with a height of about 11-12 meters. By the way, they are also used by humans - for forest shelter belts in arid areas.
Due to the fact that the tree has a lot of advantages, consisting in high yields, a certain unpretentiousness to the soil, resistance to cold weather and relatively easy care, it is always in demand. And, of course, it is important for gardeners to know what the life expectancy of this culture is.
On average, an apple tree lives no more than 40-50 years, hybrid crops usually remain viable for about 30-35 years, but there are some cases when an apple tree can live up to 100-150 years.But the lifespan of wild varieties noticeably exceeds the life cycle of cultivated plants, these species sometimes live up to 200-300 years. To understand why there is such a big difference in timing, you should consider all the circumstances that affect this aspect.
Care
The quality of care directly affects the life span of the fruit crop.
Timely measures to protect against diseases and pests significantly support health and increase life expectancy.
The very first apple trees were grown by seed. They were distinguished by high immunity, were resistant to diseases and pests, and lived for a long time.
One of the negative factors is tree transplanting. It has a detrimental effect on his health.
Focus on plants
As one of two global branches of agriculture, crop production encompasses all activities aimed at the reproduction of crops. The use of the products obtained is quite extensive.
These are various kinds of raw materials for industries of various types and scales, and providing food for people, as well as for animals (including agricultural ones), and much more. Plant growing can often be of a purely decorative nature.
As a result of the manifestation of a scientific approach, the study of various types of crops, as well as existing hybrids and the possibilities of creating new ones, is taking place.
New methods of cultivation are being developed in convenient conditions, using various resources. The main goal is to increase the overall yield indicators without losing quality, as well as to improve the quality of the products obtained.
Vegetable growing, as a more narrowly focused division, sets the cultivation of vegetable crops as its main task. According to the type of soil, it is divided into open and closed. The open type is widely used in the vegetable season, from early spring to late autumn. The rest of the time, you have to turn to the closed type.
Thus, two independent areas are formed, each with its own methods and ways of working. Globally, however, they share common goals.
Research in this area is mainly aimed at reducing the area used without losing quality, as well as improving the quantity and quality of the resulting product, regardless of the initial conditions. New technologies for planting and irrigation are being developed, and highly efficient equipment is being created.
Sometimes the pursuit of high rates wreaks havoc on the crop, but as the industry develops, such cases are becoming more rare.
Gardening can be attributed to amateur forms of plant growing. As a rule, people without special education are engaged in the cultivation of crops on their own plots or indoors.
Sometimes it has only a decorative character. However, with the correct application of the knowledge already accumulated by specialists in this field, gardening can reach a fairly large scale.
Fruit growing, being a branch of horticulture, is often carried out on an industrial scale. Its products are fruit crops, namely, certain types of berries, fruits and nuts.
